Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA.
J Osteopath Med. 2022 Nov 10;123(2):103-111. doi: 10.1515/jom-2022-0175. eCollection 2023 Jan 1.
Sociological research has linked racism and discrimination among children to poorer health outcomes and social conditions later in life.
Given the change in the political climate in the United States, highly publicized deaths of Black men and women by police, and the rise in hate crimes against Asian Americans from 2016 through 2020, our primary objective was to assess trends in racial or ethnic discrimination among children in the United States.
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationally representative survey, utilizing data from 2016 to 2020. We calculated yearly population estimates of whether a child had experienced discrimination based on race/ethnicity via a parent-reported item. We further divided the estimates by race/ethnicity and plotted linear trends over time.
Data from the NSCH show that racial/ethnic discrimination reported by parents of children who are minorities increased from 6.7% in 2016 to approximately 9.3% in 2020. Indigenous children were reported to experience discrimination at high rates ranging from 10.8% in 2016 to 15.7% in 2020, as well as Black children ranging from 9.69% in 2018 to 15.04% in 2020. The percent of Asian, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic children reported to have experience discrimination was between 4.4 and 6.8% during this time.
Discrimination negatively impacts the developmental experiences of children, disproportionately affecting those identifying as Indigenous and Black. Therefore, addressing harmful stereotyping of Indigenous and Black cultures is necessary, especially in media targeted toward children. Providing culturally competent healthcare, critically in the Indigenous and Black pediatric population, may improve long-term outcomes by reducing discriminatory barriers to healthcare access.
社会学研究将儿童中的种族主义和歧视与晚年较差的健康结果和社会条件联系起来。
鉴于美国政治气候的变化、备受瞩目的黑人男女被警察杀害事件，以及 2016 年至 2020 年期间针对亚裔美国人的仇恨犯罪上升，我们的主要目标是评估美国儿童中种族或族裔歧视的趋势。
我们利用 2016 年至 2020 年的数据，对全国儿童健康调查（NSCH）进行了一项横断面分析，这是一项具有全国代表性的调查。我们通过父母报告的项目计算了每年儿童经历基于种族/族裔的歧视的人口估计数。我们进一步按种族/族裔划分了这些估计数，并绘制了随时间的线性趋势。
来自 NSCH 的数据显示，少数民族儿童的父母报告的种族/族裔歧视从 2016 年的 6.7%增加到 2020 年的约 9.3%。土著儿童的歧视率很高，从 2016 年的 10.8%到 2020 年的 15.7%，以及黑人儿童从 2018 年的 9.69%到 2020 年的 15.04%。在此期间，报告有歧视经历的亚洲、夏威夷或太平洋岛民以及西班牙裔儿童的比例在 4.4%至 6.8%之间。
歧视对儿童的发展经历产生负面影响， disproportionately 影响那些自我认同为土著和黑人的儿童。因此，必须解决对土著和黑人文化的有害刻板印象，特别是在针对儿童的媒体中。提供文化上合适的医疗保健，特别是在土著和黑人儿科人群中，通过减少获得医疗保健的歧视性障碍，可能会改善长期结果。
