Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India.
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2022;193(1):119-144. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.005. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
The past decades have witnessed a dogmatic shift from glia as supporting cells in the nervous system to their active roles in neurocentric functions. Neurons and glia communicate and show bidirectional responses through tripartite synapses. Studies across species indicate that neurotransmitters released by neurons are perceived by glial receptors, which allow for gliotransmitter release. These gliotransmitters can result in activation of neurons via neuronal GPCR receptors. However, studies of these molecular interactions are in their infancy. Caenorhabditis elegans has a conserved neuron-glia architectural repertoire with molecular and functional resemblance to mammals. Further, glia in C. elegans can be manipulated through ablation and mutations allowing for deciphering of glial dependent processes in vivo at single glial resolutions. Here, we will review recent findings from vertebrate and invertebrate organisms with a focus on how C. elegans can be used to advance our understanding of neuron-glia interactions through GPCRs.
在过去的几十年中,人们的观点从神经胶质细胞仅仅是神经系统中的支持细胞,转变为它们在神经中心功能中的积极作用。神经元和神经胶质细胞通过三突触相互交流,并表现出双向反应。跨物种的研究表明,神经元释放的神经递质被神经胶质细胞受体感知,从而允许神经胶质递质释放。这些神经胶质递质可以通过神经元 GPCR 受体激活神经元。然而,这些分子相互作用的研究还处于起步阶段。秀丽隐杆线虫具有保守的神经元-神经胶质结构,其分子和功能与哺乳动物相似。此外,秀丽隐杆线虫中的神经胶质细胞可以通过消融和突变来操纵,从而可以在单个神经胶质分辨率下体内解析依赖神经胶质的过程。在这里,我们将回顾来自脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的最新发现,重点介绍秀丽隐杆线虫如何通过 GPCR 用于推进我们对神经元-神经胶质相互作用的理解。