Reverté-Villarroya Silvia, Suñer-Soler Rosa, Zaragoza-Brunet Jose, Martín-Ozaeta Gisela, Esteve-Belloch Patricia, Payo-Froiz Iago, Sauras-Colón Esther, Lopez-Espuela Fidel
Nursing Department, Universitat Rovira Virgili, Avenue Remolins, 13-15, 43500 Tortosa, Spain.
Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, C/Esplanetes no 14, 43500 Tortosa, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Nov 5;10(11):2219. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10112219.
Background: The distribution of vascular risk factors (VRFs) and stroke management vary by geographic area. Our aim was to examine the percentage of the VRFs according to age and sex in ischemic stroke survivors in a geographical area on the Mediterranean coast of Southern Catalonia, Spain. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational, retrospective, community-based study of a cohort, the data of which we obtained from digital clinical records of the Catalan Institute of Health. The study included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ischemic stroke who were treated between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020. Patients met the following inclusion criteria: residing in the study area, age ≥ 18 years, and presenting ≥1 modifiable vascular risk factor. The exclusion criteria were as follows: death patients (non-survivors) and patients without modifiable VRFs. We collected the demographic, clinical, and VRF variables of the total of 2054 cases included, and we analyzed the data according to age groups, sex, and number of VRFs. Results: Most of the patients included were in the 55−80 age group (n = 1139; 55.45%). Of the patients, 56.48% (n = 1160) presented ≤ 2 modifiable VRFs, and the age group <55 years old (67.01%) presented more VRFs. Hypertension and (>80 years old (38.82%)) and dyslipidemia (<55 years (28.33%)) were the most prevalent VRFs. In the age group 55−80 (69.59% men), the prevalence of VRFs was higher ((3−4 VRF (42.76%) and >4 VRF (5.35%)). Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of many VRFs in people diagnosed with ischemic stroke—although with a lower percentage compared to other studies—and the need for specific individualized interventions for the control of modifiable RFs related to primary and secondary prevention of stroke.
血管危险因素（VRF）的分布以及中风管理因地理区域而异。我们的目的是调查西班牙加泰罗尼亚南部地中海沿岸某一地理区域缺血性中风幸存者中按年龄和性别划分的VRF百分比。方法：这是一项多中心、观察性、回顾性、基于社区的队列研究，我们从加泰罗尼亚卫生研究所的数字临床记录中获取数据。该研究纳入了2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间接受治疗的所有确诊缺血性中风患者。患者符合以下纳入标准：居住在研究区域，年龄≥18岁，且存在≥1个可改变的血管危险因素。排除标准如下：死亡患者（非幸存者）和无可改变VRF的患者。我们收集了纳入的2054例患者的人口统计学、临床和VRF变量，并根据年龄组、性别和VRF数量对数据进行了分析。结果：纳入的大多数患者年龄在55 - 80岁组（n = 1139；55.45%）。在这些患者中，56.48%（n = 1160）存在≤2个可改变的VRF，<55岁年龄组（67.01%）的VRF更多。高血压以及（>80岁（38.82%））和血脂异常（<55岁（28.33%））是最常见的VRF。在55 - 80岁年龄组（男性占69.59%）中，VRF的患病率更高（（3 - 4个VRF（42.76%）和>4个VRF（5.35%））。结论：这些结果表明，在被诊断为缺血性中风的人群中存在许多VRF——尽管与其他研究相比百分比更低——并且需要针对与中风一级和二级预防相关的可改变RF的控制进行特定的个体化干预。
