Shabani Marzieh, Alemzadeh Abbas, Nakhoda Babak, Razi Hooman, Houshmandpanah Zeinab, Hildebrand David
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) AREEO, Karaj, 3135933151 Iran.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2022 Aug;28(8):1571-1586. doi: 10.1007/s12298-022-01225-0. Epub 2022 Sep 17.
To study the effect of gamma radiation on various morphological and agronomic characters of bread wheat ( L.), seeds were subjected to different gamma radiation doses; and selected M and M generation lines were evaluated. The optimum doses to induce desirable changes in bread wheat were 100-200 Gy. Seed loss decreased while grain yield, yield components, fertile florets number, biological yield, plant height, harvest index and flag leaf area increased in all mutant lines. Shear strength increased in many lines. Selected mutant lines also showed reduced seed shattering that can greatly reduce seed loss at harvest. Some new phenotypic characters such as the appearance of bristles on the glume, important for drought tolerance, two spikelets at each rachis and more fertile florets at each spikelet. These can greatly increase yield, as seen in some mutant lines. Also, some physiological characteristics including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content improved in some mutant lines. About 95.8% of the total variation in grain yield was explained by three selected variables: flag leaf area, number of seeds per spike, and spike number per plant. Grain yield increased more than 45% in some mutant lines the highest ever reported using this approach to the genetic improvement of wheat. Wheat grain yield has increased 2.2 times in the last 50 years, which indicates that if mutagens are optimally used and the selection is carefully performed as described herein, it is possible to improve important economic traits, in a much shorter time.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01225-0.
为研究γ射线辐射对面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）各种形态和农艺性状的影响，对种子施加不同剂量的γ射线辐射，并对筛选出的M1和M2代品系进行评估。诱导面包小麦产生理想变异的最佳剂量为100 - 200 Gy。所有突变品系的种子损失减少，而籽粒产量、产量构成因素、可育小花数、生物产量、株高、收获指数和旗叶面积增加。许多品系的抗剪强度增加。筛选出的突变品系还表现出种子落粒减少，这可大大减少收获时的种子损失。一些新的表型性状，如颖壳上出现刚毛（对耐旱性很重要）、每个穗轴有两个小穗以及每个小穗有更多可育小花。如在一些突变品系中所见，这些可大大提高产量。此外，一些突变品系的一些生理特性，包括光合速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率和叶绿素含量有所改善。籽粒产量总变异的约95.8%可由三个选定变量解释：旗叶面积、每穗粒数和每株穗数。一些突变品系的籽粒产量增加了45%以上，这是使用这种小麦遗传改良方法迄今报道的最高增幅。在过去50年里，小麦籽粒产量增加了2.2倍，这表明如果如本文所述最优地使用诱变剂并仔细进行选择，有可能在更短时间内改善重要的经济性状。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12298-022-01225-0获取的补充材料。
