Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023;21(1):87-104. doi: 10.2174/1570159X21666221116160032.
Operating a vehicle is a complex task that requires multiple cognitive functions and psychomotor skills to cooperate. Driving might be impaired by licit or illicit drugs, including novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and novel synthetic opioids (NSO), the effects of which are still yet to be elucidated in humans. In the present work, a revision of the literature regarding the psychomotor impairing effects of Fentanyl (FENT) and three analogues (Acrylfentanyl, Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl) is presented, as emerged by experimental studies on humans, driving under the influence of a drug (DUID) and intoxication cases. An experimental study on a mouse model evaluated the sensorimotor alterations induced by FENT and the three fentalogs. Acute systemic administration of the four opioids (0.01-15 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently decreased the visual object and placing tests, the acoustic and the tactile responses of mice. The preclinical data are in accordance with the data that emerged from the revision of the literature regarding experimental data on humans, driving under the influence of drugs and intoxication cases, suggesting that novel synthetic opioids might affect the psychomotor performances on daily human tasks with a particular focus on driving.
驾驶车辆是一项复杂的任务,需要多种认知功能和运动技能协同配合。合法或非法药物,包括新型精神活性物质(NPS)和新型合成阿片类物质(NSO),可能会影响驾驶能力,但其对人类的影响仍有待阐明。在本研究中,通过对人类的实验研究、受药物影响下驾驶(DUID)和中毒案例,对芬太尼(FENT)及其三种类似物(丙烯芬太尼、奥芬太尼和呋喃芬太尼)的运动障碍效应进行了文献综述。一项在小鼠模型上的实验研究评估了 FENT 和三种芬太尼类似物引起的感觉运动改变。四种阿片类药物(0.01-15 mg/kg,腹腔注射)急性全身给药剂量依赖性地降低了小鼠的视觉物体和放置测试、听觉和触觉反应。临床前数据与文献综述中关于人类的实验数据、药物影响下的驾驶和中毒案例的数据一致,表明新型合成阿片类物质可能会影响人类日常任务(特别是驾驶)的运动表现。