College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key laboratory Urban & Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 10;859(Pt 1):160255. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160255. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Land-use change is one of the greatest challenges for natural ecosystem services. Soil microbiomes are essential for modulating multiple ecosystem functions. However, little is known about the impact of land-use changes on soil microbial communities and their associated soil functions. In this study, 150 alpine soil samples representing conversion of forests to shrublands or grasslands, and of shrublands to grasslands were investigated for bacterial, fungal and protistan community diversity, co-occurrence network, as well as their relationships with soil multifunctionality via a sampling strategy of space-for-time substitution. The conversion of forest to grassland increased the diversity of fungi and bacteria, and altered the microbial community structures of bacteria, fungi and protists, resulting a greater impact on soil microbiome than other land-use conversions. Cross-trophic interaction analyses demonstrated this conversion increased microbial network complexity and robustness, whereas forest to shrubland had the opposite trend. The land-use induced changes in soil multifunctionality were related with microbial network modules, but were not always associated with variations of microbial diversity. Random forest modeling further suggested the significant role of microbial modules in explaining soil multifunctionality, together with environmental factors. These findings indicate divergent responses of belowground multitrophic organisms to land-use changes, and the potential role of microbial module in forecasting soil multifunctionality.
土地利用变化是自然生态系统服务面临的最大挑战之一。土壤微生物组对于调节多种生态系统功能至关重要。然而，人们对土地利用变化对土壤微生物群落及其相关土壤功能的影响知之甚少。本研究采用时空替代采样策略，对 150 个高山土壤样本进行了研究，这些样本代表了森林向灌丛或草地的转变，以及灌丛向草地的转变，以研究细菌、真菌和原生动物群落多样性、共生网络，以及它们与土壤多功能性的关系。森林向草地的转变增加了真菌和细菌的多样性，并改变了细菌、真菌和原生动物的微生物群落结构，对土壤微生物组的影响大于其他土地利用方式的转变。跨营养级相互作用分析表明，这种转变增加了微生物网络的复杂性和稳健性，而森林向灌丛的转变则相反。土壤多功能性的土地利用诱导变化与微生物网络模块有关，但并不总是与微生物多样性的变化相关。随机森林模型进一步表明，微生物模块在解释土壤多功能性方面，以及与环境因素一起，发挥着重要作用。这些发现表明，地下多营养层生物对土地利用变化的反应不同，微生物模块在预测土壤多功能性方面具有潜在作用。
