Ezzati Armin, Pak Victoria M
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2023 Jan;171:112033. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112033. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
According to the United Nations, by 2050, one in six individuals will be over age 65 globally, and one in four people would be aged 65 and older in western countries. The unprecedented growth of the aging population is associated with increased age-related disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To date, no cure is known for AD, thus lifestyle interventions including calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted eating (TRE) are proposed as potential approach to delay the onset and progression of the disease. Sleep disturbances are common in people with MCI and AD. Moreover, accumulating data indicates that pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 increase in individuals with AD and MCI versus healthy subjects. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to describe the potential effects of TRE on sleep, cognition decline, and neuroinflammatory markers in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests that TRE may produce neuroprotective effects on cognition and reduce neuroinflammatory markers related to AD in humans. To date, no studies investigated the effects of TRE on sleep disturbances and patients with AD. Thereby, the impact of TRE on cognition in individuals with cognitive decline and AD needs to be investigated further in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
根据联合国的数据，到2050年，全球每六个人中就有一个年龄超过65岁，而在西方国家，每四个人中就有一个年龄在65岁及以上。人口老龄化的空前增长与阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知障碍（MCI）等与年龄相关的疾病增加有关。迄今为止，尚无治疗AD的方法，因此包括热量限制（CR）和限时进食（TRE）在内的生活方式干预被提议作为延缓该疾病发病和进展的潜在方法。睡眠障碍在MCI和AD患者中很常见。此外，越来越多的数据表明，与健康受试者相比，AD和MCI患者体内的促炎细胞因子，包括肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10会增加。因此，本综述的目的是描述TRE对人类睡眠、认知衰退和神经炎症标志物的潜在影响。初步证据表明，TRE可能对人类认知产生神经保护作用，并减少与AD相关的神经炎症标志物。迄今为止，尚无研究调查TRE对睡眠障碍和AD患者的影响。因此，TRE对认知衰退个体和AD患者认知的影响需要在随机对照试验（RCT）中进一步研究。
