Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2023 Feb;39(1):91-107. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
Dementias encompass a range of debilitating neurologic conditions. Here, we summarize the neuropathology of common forms of dementia, focusing on Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias. AD is part of a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases that consists of various protein inclusions (ie, proteinopathies) but other brain abnormalities are also related to dementia. Beta-amyloid and tau aggregates are hallmarks of AD. Other tissue substrates include Lewy bodies, TDP-43 inclusions, vascular brain lesions, and mixed pathologies. This review highlights the complexity of neurodegenerative and other disease substrates and summarizes topography of these lesions and concepts of mixed brain pathologies, resistance, and resilience.
痴呆症包括一系列使人衰弱的神经疾病。在这里，我们总结了常见痴呆症形式的神经病理学，重点关注阿尔茨海默病（AD）和相关痴呆症。AD 是神经退行性疾病谱的一部分，包括各种蛋白质包涵体（即蛋白病），但其他大脑异常也与痴呆症有关。β-淀粉样蛋白和 tau 聚集体是 AD 的标志。其他组织底物包括路易体、TDP-43 包涵体、血管性脑损伤和混合病变。本综述强调了神经退行性和其他疾病底物的复杂性，并总结了这些病变的分布以及混合性脑病变、抵抗和适应的概念。
