Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Stress Health. 2023 Aug;39(3):684-689. doi: 10.1002/smi.3211. Epub 2022 Nov 24.
Adolescent stress is complex and impairing. Novel measures are needed to understand stress variability within individuals over time from a physiological as well as a subjective perspective. To test the feasibility of combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable biosensors to assess adolescent stress, using an idiographic approach with experience sampling methods. A small sample (n = 23) of predominantly African American, economically disadvantaged adolescents were asked to complete EMA surveys four times per day and wear an armband measuring Heart rate (HR) and skin response for a 2-week period. Descriptive analyses examined number of hours of armband wear, percentage of viable data, and percentage of surveys completed by gender and race. Associations between biosensor data and EMA reports within and across individuals were also examined using hierarchical linear regression. EMA survey completion was good (81%) as was adherence to biosensor protocols, although technological difficulties interfered with collection of HR variability for youth with darker skin tones. Youth reported stressful events in 12.79% of EMA surveys, although 43% reported no negative mood experiences. Convergent validity was supported for detecting between-person (EMA) and within-person (EMA and biosensors) variability in stress across time, although associations across youth were highly variable. Results suggest value for biobehavioral methods in understanding day-to-day stress in adolescents but highlight variability in stress experiences as well as technological limitations, especially for youth of colour.
青少年压力复杂且具有危害性。需要新的措施来从生理和主观的角度来理解个体随时间的压力变化。本研究采用经验抽样法，从特质的角度出发，旨在检验将生态瞬时评估（EMA）和可穿戴生物传感器结合起来评估青少年压力的可行性。一个由主要为非裔美国人和经济困难的青少年组成的小样本（n=23）被要求在两周内每天完成四次 EMA 调查，并佩戴一个测量心率（HR）和皮肤反应的臂带。描述性分析检查了臂带佩戴小时数、有效数据百分比和按性别和种族完成调查的百分比。还使用分层线性回归检查了个体内和个体间生物传感器数据与 EMA 报告之间的关联。尽管 EMA 调查完成情况良好（81%），生物传感器协议的依从性也很好，但技术困难干扰了深色皮肤青少年的 HR 变异性的收集。尽管 43%的青少年报告没有负面情绪体验，但他们在 12.79%的 EMA 调查中报告了压力事件。跨时间的个体间（EMA）和个体内（EMA 和生物传感器）压力变化的检测结果支持了效标关联，尽管青少年之间的关联变化很大。研究结果表明，生物行为方法在理解青少年日常压力方面具有价值，但也强调了压力体验的可变性以及技术限制，尤其是对有色人种的青少年。
