With the vigorous development of industrial economy, energy and environmental problems have become the most serious issues affecting people's production and life. Therefore, the demand for clean energy production, effective separation and storage is growing. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a kind of porous crystalline materials with large surface area and porosity, which is self-assembled by metal ions or clusters and organic ligands through coordination bonds. Thanks to a number of unique characteristics such as adjustable pore environment, homogeneous void structure, abundant active sites, unprecedented chemical composition tunability and functional versatility, it has been widely studied, especially for the clean energy conversion in catalysis. In this review, we focus on the research progress of clean energy in catalysis based on MOFs. Emphasis is placed on MOFs with different structures of compositions and their applications in catalytic for clean energy conversion, such as CO oxidation, CO reduction and H evolution. In addition, the situation of MOFs assisting environmental remediation is also briefly described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of MOFs in clean energy and the remaining issues in this field are presented.