Pan Lei, He Xiuping, Chen Junhui, Huang Jinhui Jeanne, Wang Yuning, Liang Shengkang, Wang Baodong
College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Feb;313:137372. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137372. Epub 2022 Nov 23.
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producing algae are widely distributed in the global coastal aquatic environment, posing a threat to coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. However, the levels and potential environmental risks of PSTs frequently detected in shellfish remain largely unexplored in seawater of mariculture zones. In this study, a new method for trace detection of 13 common PSTs (<1.0 ng/L) in seawater was established based on off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and on-line SPE-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS), and a systematic investigation of PSTs in seawater of the Laizhou Bay, a typical aquaculture bay in China, was conducted to understand their pollution status, environmental impact factors and ecological risks for the first time. Eleven PSTs were detected in the seawater of Laizhou Bay with total concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 349.47 ng/L (mean, 176.27 ng/L), which indicates the rich diversity of PSTs in the mariculture bay and demonstrates the reliability of the proposed analytical method. C1, C2, GTX2, GTX3, dcGTX2, and dcGTX3 were found to be the predominant PSTs, which refreshed the knowledge of PST contamination in the coastal aquatic environment. PST levels in seawater exhibited the highest levels in the southeastern mouth of Laizhou Bay and decreased toward the inner bay. Correlation analyses showed that climatic factors, nutrient status and hydrological conditions had significant effects on the distribution of PST in mariculture bay. Preliminary environmental risk assessments revealed that aquatic organisms throughout the waters of Laizhou Bay are at risk of chronic PST toxicity. These findings imply that the risk of PST in seawater of mariculture bay has previously been grossly underestimated, and that the coastal aquatic environment in North China and even the world may be at more serious risk of PST pollution, which should be taken seriously.
产麻痹性贝类毒素（PSTs）的藻类广泛分布于全球沿海水域环境，对沿海生态系统健康和海水养殖安全构成威胁。然而，在海水养殖区的海水中，贝类中频繁检测到的PSTs水平及其潜在环境风险在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究基于离线固相萃取（SPE）和在线SPE-液相色谱-串联质谱法（在线SPE-LC-MS/MS）建立了一种海水中13种常见PSTs（<1.0 ng/L）痕量检测的新方法，并首次对中国典型养殖海湾莱州湾海水中的PSTs进行了系统调查，以了解其污染状况、环境影响因素和生态风险。在莱州湾海水中检测到11种PSTs，总浓度范围为0.75至349.47 ng/L（平均值为176.27 ng/L），这表明养殖海湾中PSTs种类丰富，也证明了所提出分析方法的可靠性。发现C1、C2、GTX2、GTX3、dcGTX2和dcGTX3是主要的PSTs，这刷新了对沿海水域环境中PST污染的认识。海水中PST水平在莱州湾东南部河口处最高，向湾内逐渐降低。相关性分析表明，气候因素、营养状况和水文条件对养殖海湾中PST的分布有显著影响。初步环境风险评估显示，莱州湾整个水域的水生生物面临PST慢性毒性风险。这些发现意味着海水养殖海湾海水中PST的风险此前被严重低估，中国北方乃至全球的沿海水域环境可能面临更严重的PST污染风险，应予以重视。
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