Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
Vet Microbiol. 2023 Jan;276:109623. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109623. Epub 2022 Dec 6.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a swine alpha-herpesvirus that mainly causes reproductive disorders in sows and neurological diseases in piglets. Vaccination is the most efficient method to prevent the disease. In China, since the emergence of PRV mutant strains in late 2011, the traditional commercial vaccines have not been providing complete protection. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PRV ZJ01 is a highly virulent strain, and its derivative, ZJ01R, which carries the gE/gI/TK gene deletion, could provide protection against the variant PRV challenge. However, the difference in immune efficacy between ZJ01R and other commercial vaccines remains unclear. In this study, the immune protection efficacy between ZJ01R and three commercial PRV vaccines (Bartha-K61, HB2000, and SA215) was evaluated in piglets. The safety of ZJ01R was shown to be equivalent to that of the three commercial vaccines. The titers of the neutralizing antibodies against the PRV classical strain LA in the four vaccine groups were similar, while the anti-PRV variant neutralizing antibody titers in the ZJ01R group were significantly higher than those in the Bartha-K61, HB2000, and SA215 strain groups. After the PRV challenge, ZJ01R, HB2000, and SA215 vaccinations could provide complete protection, whereas the Bartha-K61 vaccination could only provide 60 % protection. Importantly, the rectal viral excretion and PRV DNA loads in the lung tissues in the ZJ01R group were significantly lower than those in the Bartha-K61, HB2000, and SA215 groups. Altogether, these results indicated that ZJ01R could provide higher protection efficacy against the PRV virulent ZJ01 challenge than the three commercial PRV gene-deleted live vaccines derived from the classical vaccine strains, providing the potential to develop a new PRV vaccine to control the epidemic PRV variant strains in the future.
伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）是一种猪α疱疹病毒，主要导致母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪神经症状。疫苗接种是预防该病最有效的方法。在中国，自 2011 年末出现 PRV 变异株以来，传统的商业疫苗未能提供完全保护。我们之前的研究表明，PRV ZJ01 是一种高致病性毒株，其衍生株 ZJ01R 缺失了 gE/gI/TK 基因，可提供对变异 PRV 攻击的保护。然而，ZJ01R 与其他商业疫苗的免疫效果差异尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们评估了 ZJ01R 与三种商业 PRV 疫苗（Bartha-K61、HB2000 和 SA215）在仔猪中的免疫保护效果。结果表明，ZJ01R 的安全性与三种商业疫苗相当。四组疫苗对 PRV 经典株 LA 的中和抗体滴度相似，而 ZJ01R 组对 PRV 变异株的中和抗体滴度明显高于 Bartha-K61、HB2000 和 SA215 组。在 PRV 攻毒后，ZJ01R、HB2000 和 SA215 接种均可提供完全保护，而 Bartha-K61 接种仅能提供 60%的保护。重要的是，ZJ01R 组的直肠病毒排出量和肺组织中的 PRV DNA 载量明显低于 Bartha-K61、HB2000 和 SA215 组。综上所述，这些结果表明，ZJ01R 对 PRV 强毒 ZJ01 株的攻击提供了比三种源自经典疫苗株的 PRV 基因缺失活疫苗更高的保护效力，为未来开发控制流行的 PRV 变异株的新型 PRV 疫苗提供了潜力。
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