卵巢癌基质祖细胞和卵巢癌中肿瘤抑制基因的不同启动子甲基化及其临床意义。

Distinct promotor methylation at tumor suppressive genes in ovarian cancer stromal progenitor cells and ovarian cancer and its clinical implication.

作者信息

Ho Chih-Ming, Yen Ting-Lin, Chien Tsai-Yen, Huang Shih-Hung

机构信息

Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan.

School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

出版信息

Am J Cancer Res. 2022 Nov 15;12(11):5325-5341. eCollection 2022.

DOI:
Abstract

Aberrant CpG-island methylation affects ovarian cancer progression. The promotor methylation changes at tumor suppressive genes in ovarian cancer stromal progenitor cells (OCSPCs) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues and their clinical implication remains unexplored. We systemically analyzed the promoter methylation status of 40 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) associated with cancer in paired epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like OCSPCs and ovarian cancer cells by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). The effect of DNA methylation on gene expression was confirmed using qRT-PCR. The differential frequencies of TSGs' promoter methylation among matched epithelial-like or mesenchymal-like OCSPCs from tissues and ascites and ovarian cancer tissues were further validated in cancer tissues and correlated with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of patients. According to the promoter methylation frequencies of the 40 TSGs, promoters of RASSF1A were the only significantly hypomethylated in epithelial-like OCSPCs from tissues than those from ascites and bulk tumor cells (0% vs 38% vs 45%, P=0.039 by Fisher's exact test). The most frequencies at promotor hypermethylation of TSGs in mesenchymal-like OCSPCs from ascites which processed aggressiveness were CDKN2B (73%) followed by CCND2 (45%) and RASSF1A (45%). Forty-three percent (47/110) of RASSF1A and 45% of CCND2 were validated as a frequently hypermethylated gene in an independent set of 110 EOC tissues in contrast to none (0/60) and 12% (10/60) of benign ovarian cysts (both P<0.001). Functional experiments revealed overexpression of CCND2 or CDKN2B in MSc-OCSPCs decreases EMT, invasion, and spheroid formation in EOC, and abolishes DNMT1 and COL6A3 expression. However, for the expected 5-year overall survival (OS) for patients with methylated RASSF1A, CCND2, and CDKN2B, only RASSF1A was significantly worse than those without methylated RASSF1A (56% vs 80%, p=0.022). Taken together, overexpression of CCND2 and CDKN2B decreased the aggressiveness of mesenchymal-like OCSPCs from ascites which may represent a potential therapeutic target for EOC. Promotor hypomethylation at RASSF1A in OCSPCs from EOC tissues and changes to hypermethylation of EOC and OCSPCs from ascites could predict poor survival outcomes for EOC patients compared to without those changes of CCND2 and CDKN2B.

摘要

异常的CpG岛甲基化影响卵巢癌进展。卵巢癌基质祖细胞(OCSPCs)和上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)组织中肿瘤抑制基因的启动子甲基化变化及其临床意义仍未得到探索。我们通过甲基化特异性多重连接依赖探针扩增(MS-MLPA)系统分析了配对的上皮样和间充质样OCSPCs及卵巢癌细胞中40个与癌症相关的肿瘤抑制基因(TSGs)的启动子甲基化状态。使用qRT-PCR证实了DNA甲基化对基因表达的影响。在癌组织中进一步验证了来自组织、腹水和卵巢癌组织的配对上皮样或间充质样OCSPCs中TSGs启动子甲基化的差异频率,并与患者的临床病理特征和生存结果相关联。根据40个TSGs的启动子甲基化频率,RASSF1A的启动子在组织来源的上皮样OCSPCs中是唯一显著低甲基化的,相比于腹水和大块肿瘤细胞来源的上皮样OCSPCs(0% 对38% 对45%,Fisher精确检验P = 0.039)。腹水中具有侵袭性的间充质样OCSPCs中TSGs启动子高甲基化频率最高的是CDKN2B(73%),其次是CCND2(45%)和RASSF1A(45%)。在另一组110例EOC组织中,43%(47/110)的RASSF1A和45%的CCND2被验证为频繁高甲基化基因,相比之下良性卵巢囊肿中无一例(0/60)和12%(10/60)出现这种情况(两者P均<0.001)。功能实验表明,在MSc-OCSPCs中CCND2或CDKN2B的过表达降低了EOC中的上皮-间质转化(EMT)、侵袭和球体形成,并消除了DNMT1和COL6A3的表达。然而,对于RASSF1A、CCND2和CDKN2B甲基化患者的预期5年总生存率(OS),只有RASSF1A甲基化患者的生存率显著低于未甲基化RASSF1A的患者(56% 对80%,p = 0.022)。综上所述,CCND2和CDKN2B的过表达降低了腹水中间充质样OCSPCs的侵袭性,这可能是EOC的一个潜在治疗靶点。与没有CCND2和CDKN2B这些变化的情况相比,EOC组织来源的OCSPCs中RASSF1A启动子低甲基化以及腹水来源的EOC和OCSPCs中RASSF1A启动子变为高甲基化可预测EOC患者的不良生存结果。

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