Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 24;10:1038573. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038573. eCollection 2022.
Previous studies have suggested that air pollution affects physiological and psychological health. Using solid fuel at home is a significant source of indoor air pollution. The associations between solid fuel use and depressive symptoms and cognitive health were unclear among older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
To evaluate the association of solid fuel use with depressive symptoms and cognitive health among older adults, we obtained data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) and excluded subjects younger than 60 years and without critical data (solid fuel use, depressive symptoms, and cognitive health). The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) was used to assess depressive symptoms, with more than ten indicative of depression. Cognitive health was assessed using measures from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and subjects with the lowest 10th percentile were considered to have cognitive impairment. The participants' responses defined solid fuel use. Multivariable logistic regression, linear regression, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were performed to appraise the relationship between solid fuel use and depression and cognitive impairment.
A total of 29,789 participants over 60 years old were involved in this study. Almost half of the participants (47.5%) reported using solid fuel for home cooking. Compared with clean fuel use, solid fuel use was related to an increased prevalence of depression [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16] and higher CES-D-10 scores (β 0.23, 95% CI 0.12-0.35) after fully adjusted covariables. Using solid fuel was also related to a higher risk of cognitive impairment (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.32) and a lower cognitive score (β -0.63, 95% CI -0.79 to -0.47) compared with those who used clean fuel. In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of depression increased in females and non-smokers. The association of solid fuel use with depression and cognitive impairment exists in subgroups of BMI, economic status, caste, living area, education, and drinking.
The use of solid fuel at home was associated with an increased prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment among older adults in India.
先前的研究表明，空气污染会影响生理和心理健康。在家中使用固体燃料是室内空气污染的一个重要来源。然而，在来自中低收入国家（LMICs）的老年人中，固体燃料的使用与抑郁症状和认知健康之间的关联尚不清楚。
为了评估固体燃料的使用与老年人抑郁症状和认知健康之间的关系，我们从印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）中获取了数据，并排除了年龄小于 60 岁和没有关键数据（固体燃料使用、抑郁症状和认知健康）的受试者。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D-10）的 10 项来评估抑郁症状，超过 10 项表示有抑郁。认知健康使用健康与退休研究（HRS）的测量方法进行评估，认知功能最低的第 10 百分位数被认为存在认知障碍。参与者的回答定义了固体燃料的使用。使用多变量逻辑回归、线性回归、亚组分析和交互测试来评估固体燃料的使用与抑郁和认知障碍之间的关系。
共有 29789 名 60 岁以上的参与者参与了这项研究。近一半的参与者（47.5%）报告在家中烹饪使用固体燃料。与使用清洁燃料相比，固体燃料的使用与抑郁症状的发生率增加有关[比值比（OR）1.09，95%置信区间（CI）1.03-1.16]和更高的 CES-D-10 评分（β 0.23，95%CI 0.12-0.35），在充分调整了协变量后。与使用清洁燃料相比，使用固体燃料也与认知障碍的风险增加（OR 1.21，95%CI 1.11-1.32）和认知评分降低（β-0.63，95%CI-0.79 至-0.47）有关。在亚组分析中，女性和不吸烟者的抑郁发生率增加。固体燃料的使用与抑郁和认知障碍之间的关联存在于 BMI、经济状况、种姓、居住区域、教育程度和饮酒等亚组中。
在印度，老年人在家中使用固体燃料与抑郁症状和认知障碍的发生率增加有关。
