NIRS Studies Show Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis That Exhibit Cortical Hypoxia.

Many with multiple sclerosis (MS) have low cortical microvascular oxygen levels (hypoxia), which have been previously proposed to exacerbate inflammation in MS. We do not know if hypoxia impacts or relates to brain function. We hypothesise that within the MS population, those who have hypoxia may show reduced brain functional connectivity (FC). We recruited 20 MS participants and grouped them into normoxic and hypoxic groups (n = 10 in each group) using frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS). Functional coherence of the haemodynamic signal, quantified with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used as a marker of brain function and was carried out during resting-state, finger-tapping, and while completing two neurocognitive tasks. Reduced FC was detected in the hypoxic MS group. fNIRS measures of haemodynamic coherence in MS could be a biomarker of functional impairment and/or disease progression.