Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Dec 30;39(2):65. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03510-2.
The global production of cassava was estimated at ca. 303 million tons. Due to this high production, the cassava processing industry (cassava flour and starch) generates approximately ca. 0.65 kg of solid residue and ca. 25.3 l of wastewater per kg of fresh processed cassava root. The composition of the liquid effluent varies according to its origin; for example, the effluent from cassava flour production, when compared to the wastewater from the starch processing, presents a higher organic load (ca. 12 times) and total cyanide (ca. 29 times). It is worthy to highlight the toxicity of cassava residues regarding cyanide presence, which could generate disorders with acute or chronic symptoms in humans and animals. In this sense, the development of simple and low-cost eco-friendly methods for the proper treatment or reuse of cassava wastewater is a challenging, but promising path. Cassava wastewater is rich in macro-nutrients (proteins, starch, sugars) and micro-nutrients (iron, magnesium), enabling its use as a low-cost culture medium for biotechnological processes, such as the production of biosurfactants. These compounds are amphipathic molecules synthesized by living cells and can be widely used in industries as pharmaceutical agents, for microbial-enhanced oil recovery, among others. Amongst these biosurfactants, surfactin, rhamnolipids, and mannosileritritol lipids show remarkable properties such as antimicrobial, biodegradability, demulsifying and emulsifying capacity. However, the high production cost restricts the massive biosurfactant applications. Therefore, this study aims to present the state of the art and challenges in the production of biosurfactants using cassava wastewater as an alternative culture medium.
全球木薯产量估计约为 3.03 亿吨。由于这种高产量，木薯加工行业（木薯粉和淀粉）每加工 1 公斤新鲜木薯根就会产生约 0.65 公斤的固体残渣和约 25.3 升废水。液体废水的组成因来源而异；例如，与淀粉加工废水相比，木薯粉生产废水的有机负荷（约 12 倍）和总氰化物（约 29 倍）更高。值得强调的是，木薯残渣中氰化物的存在具有毒性，可能会在人类和动物中引起急性或慢性症状的紊乱。从这个意义上说，开发简单且环保、成本低的方法来妥善处理或再利用木薯废水是一个具有挑战性但很有前途的途径。木薯废水中富含宏量营养素（蛋白质、淀粉、糖）和微量营养素（铁、镁），可将其用作生物技术过程（如生物表面活性剂生产）的低成本培养基。这些化合物是由活细胞合成的两亲分子，可广泛用于制药、微生物强化采油等行业。在这些生物表面活性剂中，表面活性剂、鼠李糖脂和甘露糖醇脂具有抗菌、生物降解性、破乳和乳化能力等显著特性。然而，高生产成本限制了大规模生物表面活性剂的应用。因此，本研究旨在介绍使用木薯废水作为替代培养基生产生物表面活性剂的最新技术和挑战。
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