Puente-Fernández Joel, Larumbe-Zabala Eneko, Jiménez Alfonso, Liguori Gary, Rossato Claire J L, Mayo Xian, Naclerio Fernando
Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Centre for Exercise Activity and Rehabilitation, University of Greenwich, Eltham SE9 2TB, UK; GO Fit LAB, Ingesport, 28108 Madrid, Spain.
Canary Islands Health Research Institute Foundation (FCIISC), 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Exp Gerontol. 2023 Feb;172:112079. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112079. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
Protein-based multi-ingredient (MTN) supplements have been suggested as a safe and effective way of enhancing exercise outcomes. However, their effectiveness remains controversial when compared to isocaloric and single-nutrient supplements. This review aims to systematically summarise the current knowledge of multi-ingredient supplementation to optimise body composition and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults.
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus from June to October 2021. Every publication identified from the outset to October 2021 was considered. The main inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies conducted in adults (≥45 years old), following resistance- or endurance-based training programmes for a period of 6 weeks or longer, combined with MTN supplementation and a calorie equivalent comparator (COMP) supplement (e.g., carbohydrates). Continuous data on body composition [fat-free mass (FFM) or lean body mass], strength, and functional capacity as markers of physical performance were pooled using a random-effects model.
Initially, 3329 publications were identified. Data from nine RCTs were ultimately included, involving 476 participants. The overall quality of the included studies was high, demonstrating a low risk of bias. Compared to COMP, no significant further benefits of ingesting MTN were identified for FFM (kg) (g = 0.044, 95 % CI -0.14 to 0.22), upper-body strength (kg) (g = 0.046, 95 % CI -0.24 to 0.33), lower-body strength, leg press exercise (kg) (g = 0.025, 95 % CI -0.26 to 0.31), leg extension exercise (kg) (g = 0.106, 95 % CI -0.15 to 0.36) and functional capacity (time in seconds) (g = 0.079, 95 % CI -0.12 to 0.27).
No additional benefits of ingesting MTN vs. COMP to maximise exercise-induced outcomes on body composition and physical performance in healthy physically active middle-aged and older adults have been identified.
基于蛋白质的多成分（MTN）补充剂被认为是增强运动效果的一种安全有效的方法。然而，与等热量和单一营养素补充剂相比，其有效性仍存在争议。本综述旨在系统总结关于多成分补充剂的现有知识，以优化中老年人的身体成分和身体机能。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析。2021年6月至10月期间，使用PubMed、EBSCOhost、谷歌学术、科学网和SPORTDiscus进行了文献检索。考虑了从一开始到2021年10月确定的每一篇出版物。主要纳入标准包括在成年人（≥45岁）中进行的随机对照试验（RCT）研究，遵循基于阻力或耐力的训练计划6周或更长时间，同时补充MTN和热量相当的对照（COMP）补充剂（如碳水化合物）。使用随机效应模型汇总关于身体成分[去脂体重（FFM）或瘦体重]、力量和作为身体机能指标的功能能力的连续数据。
最初，共识别出3329篇出版物。最终纳入了9项RCT的数据，涉及476名参与者。纳入研究的总体质量较高，显示出低偏倚风险。与COMP相比，在去脂体重（千克）（g = 0.044，95%CI -0.14至0.22）、上肢力量（千克）（g = 0.046，95%CI -0.24至0.33）、下肢力量、腿举运动（千克）（g = 0.025，95%CI -0.26至0.31）、腿伸展运动（千克）（g = 0.106，95%CI -0.15至0.36）和功能能力（秒）（g = 0.079，95%CI -0.12至0.27）方面，未发现摄入MTN有显著的额外益处。
在健康且有体育活动的中老年人中，未发现摄入MTN与COMP相比在使运动诱导的身体成分和身体机能结果最大化方面有额外益处。
