Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 41, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
LocalTapiola General, LähiTapiola, 02010, Espoo, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2023 May;96(4):577-586. doi: 10.1007/s00420-022-01950-9. Epub 2023 Jan 3.
Despite the continuous development of occupational safety, the prevalence of work-related head injuries is excessive. To promote prevention, we conducted a study evaluating the risks and pathways that precede head injuries in different economic activity sectors.
In Finland, more than 90% of employees are covered by inclusive statutory workers' compensation. We obtained data on occupational head injuries in 2010-2017 from an insurance company database. The European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) variables represented the characteristics of the accidents and the injury. We analysed the risk factors, contributing events and injury mechanisms in 20 industry sectors, based on the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE).
In the 32,898 cases, the most commonly affected area was the eyes (49.6%). The highest incidence of head injuries was in construction (15.7 per 1000 insurance years). Construction, manufacturing, and human health and social work activities stood out due to their distinctive ESAW category counts. 'Working with hand-held tools' [risk ratio (RR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14-2.32] in construction and 'operating machines' (RR 3.32, 95% CI 3.01-3.66) and 'working with hand-held tools' (1.99, 1.91-2.07) in manufacturing predicted head injury. The risk related to parameters of violence and threats in health and social work activities was nearly ninefold the risk of other sectors.
The risks and pathways preceding head injuries varied considerably. The highest head injury rates were in construction and manufacturing. Violence emerged as a major risk factor in human health and social work activities.
尽管职业安全不断发展，但与工作相关的头部受伤的发生率仍然过高。为了促进预防，我们开展了一项研究，评估不同经济活动部门中导致头部受伤的风险和途径。
在芬兰，超过 90%的员工都被纳入了全面的法定工人赔偿范围。我们从一家保险公司的数据库中获取了 2010 年至 2017 年与职业性头部受伤相关的数据。欧洲工作事故统计（ESAW）变量代表了事故和受伤的特征。我们基于欧洲共同体经济活动的统计分类（NACE）分析了 20 个行业部门的风险因素、促成事件和受伤机制。
在 32898 例病例中，最常受影响的部位是眼睛（49.6%）。头部受伤的发生率最高的是建筑行业（每 1000 个保险年 15.7 例）。建筑、制造以及人类健康和社会工作活动因其独特的 ESAW 类别计数而引人注目。建筑行业中“使用手持工具工作”（风险比 2.23，95%置信区间 2.14-2.32）和制造行业中“操作机器”（RR 3.32，95% CI 3.01-3.66）以及“使用手持工具工作”（RR 1.99，1.91-2.07）与头部受伤相关。健康和社会工作活动中与暴力和威胁相关的参数相关的风险几乎是其他部门风险的九倍。
导致头部受伤的风险和途径差异很大。头部受伤率最高的是建筑和制造业。暴力在人类健康和社会工作活动中是一个主要的风险因素。
