关注差距和指标的价值：美国执业药师人数。
Minding the gap and the value of metrics: Count of working pharmacists in the United States.
出版信息
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2023 May-Jun;63(3):899-903. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.013. Epub 2022 Dec 13.
BACKGROUND
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uses a single Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code (29-1051) that reflects a traditional definition of pharmacist job functions. Pharmacists working in nontraditional roles would be categorized under other SOC codes and not included in the BLS pharmacist count. Knowing the magnitude of how many working pharmacists may not be included in the BLS pharmacist count would help determine whether the gap is a minor margin of error or a significant problem affecting pharmacist workforce projections.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this paper was to estimate the gap between the number of possibly working pharmacists and the BLS pharmacist count in 2019. A secondary objective was to examine BLS pharmacist counts in nontraditional roles and compare with published industry data.
METHODS
The annual number of individuals receiving their first professional pharmacy degree from 1965 to 2019 (55 graduation cohorts) was adjusted using the expected survival rate to 2019 by age and gender and workforce participation rate in 2019 for pharmacists for each cohort and then summed across cohorts. Data sources included Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, U.S. Vital Statistics reports, and American Consumer Survey. One-way and scenario-based sensitivity analyses were conducted to vary professional occupation mortality advantage and pharmacist workforce participation rate assumptions.
RESULTS
Based on the number of individuals receiving their first professional pharmacy degree between 1965 and 2019 (442,409), there were 356,998 possibly working pharmacists in 2019. This value indicates 45,798 more pharmacists (15%) may have been working in 2019 than the 311,200 employee pharmacists reported by BLS for 2019. A gap of 8000 to 46,000 more working pharmacists (3%-15%) versus BLS persisted after sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION
The magnitude of possibly working pharmacists not included in BLS counts warrants further consideration of current pharmacist job projections, methods, and metrics to improve future projections and monitoring of the pharmacist labor force.
背景
劳工统计局（BLS）使用单一的标准职业分类（SOC）代码（29-1051），反映了药师传统工作职责的定义。从事非传统角色的药师将被归入其他 SOC 代码，而不会计入 BLS 的药师人数统计。了解有多少实际工作的药师可能未被计入 BLS 的药师人数统计，有助于确定这一差距是较小的误差幅度，还是对药师劳动力预测有重大影响的问题。
目的
本文的主要目的是估计 2019 年可能工作的药师人数与 BLS 药师人数之间的差距。次要目的是检查 BLS 药师在非传统角色中的人数，并与已发布的行业数据进行比较。
方法
使用预期生存率，根据年龄和性别对 1965 年至 2019 年（55 个毕业队列）期间获得第一个药学专业学位的个人数量进行调整，然后根据每个队列的药师在 2019 年的劳动力参与率进行调整，再将队列数量相加。数据来源包括药学教育认证委员会、美国人口统计报告和美国消费者调查。进行了单因素和基于场景的敏感性分析，以改变专业职业死亡率优势和药师劳动力参与率的假设。
结果
根据 1965 年至 2019 年期间获得第一个药学专业学位的个人数量（442409 人），2019 年可能有 356998 名工作药师。这一数值表明，与 BLS 报告的 2019 年 311200 名员工药师相比，2019 年可能有 45798 名药师（15%）在工作。经过敏感性分析后，仍然存在 8000 至 46000 名工作药师（3%-15%）与 BLS 数据之间的差距。
结论
不计入 BLS 统计数据的可能工作药师数量之大，值得进一步考虑当前的药师工作预测、方法和指标，以改善未来的预测和药师劳动力的监测。
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