College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Mar 1;320:121090. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121090. Epub 2023 Jan 14.
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem that damages public health. In the present study, we used the segmentation function to improve the health risk-based air quality index (HAQI) and named it new HAQI (NHAQI). To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants and the associated health risks in Shaanxi Province before (Period I, 2015-2019) and after (Period II, 2020-2021) COVID-19. The six criteria pollutants were analyzed between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021, using the air quality index (AQI), aggregate AQI (AAQI), and NHAQI. The results showed that compared with AAQI and NHAQI, AQI underestimated the combined effects of multiple pollutants. The average concentrations of the six criteria pollutants were lower in Period II than in Period I due to reductions in anthropogenic emissions, with the concentrations of PM (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm diameter), PM (PM ≤ 10 μm diameter) SO, NO, O, and CO decreased by 23.5%, 22.5%, 45.7%, 17.6%, 2.9%, and 41.6%, respectively. In Period II, the excess risk and the number of air pollution-related deaths decreased considerably by 46.5% and 49%, respectively. The cumulative population distribution estimated using the NHAQI revealed that 61% of the total number of individuals in Shaanxi Province were exposed to unhealthy air during Period I, whereas this proportion decreased to 16% during Period II. Although overall air quality exhibited substantial improvements, the associated health risks in winter remained high.
空气污染是损害公众健康的严重环境问题。在本研究中，我们使用分割功能改进了基于健康风险的空气质量指数（HAQI），并将其命名为新 HAQI（NHAQI）。本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 前后（时期 I：2015-2019 年；时期 II：2020-2021 年）陕西省污染物时空分布特征及相关健康风险。使用空气质量指数（AQI）、综合空气质量指数（AAQI）和 NHAQI 分析了 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间的六种标准污染物。结果表明，与 AAQI 和 NHAQI 相比，AQI 低估了多种污染物的综合影响。由于人为排放减少，时期 II 中六种标准污染物的平均浓度均低于时期 I，其中 PM（直径≤2.5μm 的颗粒物）、PM（PM≤10μm 直径）、SO、NO、O 和 CO 的浓度分别降低了 23.5%、22.5%、45.7%、17.6%、2.9%和 41.6%。时期 II 中，超额风险和与空气污染相关的死亡人数分别显著减少了 46.5%和 49%。使用 NHAQI 估计的累积人口分布表明，时期 I 陕西省 61%的总人口暴露在不健康的空气中，而这一比例在时期 II 下降到 16%。尽管整体空气质量有了显著改善，但冬季相关健康风险仍然很高。
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