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性别化的工作与家庭生活历程及晚年身体机能:来自28个欧洲国家的比较分析。

Gendered work-family life courses and late-life physical functioning: A comparative analysis from 28 European countries.

作者信息

Uccheddu Damiano, Emery Tom, Gauthier Anne H, Steverink Nardi

机构信息

University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Department of Public Administration and Sociology (DPAS), Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences (ESSB), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

出版信息

Adv Life Course Res. 2022 Sep;53:100495. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100495. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Abstract

Combining work and family roles can have beneficial consequences on health but could also result in chronic stress and adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study aimed to examine combined employment, parenthood, and partnership histories of men and women during the childbearing period (ages 15-49), and to investigate the links of these work and family roles with physical functioning later in life. We used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with retrospective information on employment, parenthood, and partnership histories for 18,057 men and 20,072 women (n = 38,129) living in 28 different countries belonging to six European welfare clusters. We applied multichannel sequence analysis (MCSQA) and hierarchical clustering to group work-family trajectories into 12 clusters for men and 15 clusters for women. We assessed the association between work-family life courses and grip strength by estimating multivariable linear regression models. Delayed work and family transitions, unstable employment, and the absence of combinations of work and family roles between age 15 and 49 were associated with weaker grip strength in later life for both men and women. Results differed by gender and were framed by the welfare context in which gendered work and family responsibilities unfold across individual life courses. The findings make an important contribution to the domain of gender and health in later life and stress the need to engage more with issues related to the mechanisms linking work and family trajectories to poor health in later life.

摘要

将工作与家庭角色相结合可能对健康产生有益影响,但在老年时也可能导致慢性压力和不良健康后果。本研究旨在考察生育期(15至49岁)男女的就业、为人父母和伴侣关系的综合历史,并调查这些工作和家庭角色与晚年身体机能之间的联系。我们使用了来自欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查(SHARE)的数据,其中包含了居住在属于六个欧洲福利集群的28个不同国家的18057名男性和20072名女性(n = 38129)的就业、为人父母和伴侣关系历史的回顾性信息。我们应用多通道序列分析(MCSQA)和层次聚类将工作-家庭轨迹分为男性的12个集群和女性的15个集群。我们通过估计多变量线性回归模型来评估工作-家庭生活历程与握力之间的关联。工作和家庭转变延迟、就业不稳定以及15至49岁期间缺乏工作与家庭角色的结合,与男性和女性晚年较弱的握力相关。结果因性别而异,并受到福利背景的影响,在这种背景下,性别化的工作和家庭责任贯穿个人的生活历程。这些发现对晚年性别与健康领域做出了重要贡献,并强调需要更多地关注与工作和家庭轨迹与晚年健康不佳之间联系的机制相关的问题。

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