Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
Viruses. 2023 Jan 3;15(1):147. doi: 10.3390/v15010147.
LAG-3 is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells, such as activated T cells, and binds to MHC class II with high affinity. LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor, and its multiple biological activities on T cell activation and effector functions play a regulatory role in the immune response. Immunotherapies directed at immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, have become a promising strategy for controlling malignant tumors and chronic viral diseases. Several studies have suggested an association between the expression of LAG-3 with an inadequate immune response during respiratory viral infections and the susceptibility to reinfections, which might be a consequence of the inhibition of T cell effector functions. However, important information relative to therapeutic potential during acute viral lower respiratory tract infections and the mechanism of action of the LAG-3 checkpoint remains to be characterized. In this article, we discuss the contribution of LAG-3 to the impairment of T cells during viral respiratory infections. Understanding the host immune response to respiratory infections is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapies.
LAG-3 是一种Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白，表达于免疫细胞上，如激活的 T 细胞，并且以高亲和力与 MHC Ⅱ类结合。LAG-3 是一种抑制性受体，其对 T 细胞激活和效应功能的多种生物学活性在免疫反应中发挥调节作用。针对免疫检查点的免疫疗法，包括 LAG-3，已成为控制恶性肿瘤和慢性病毒病的一种有前途的策略。几项研究表明，LAG-3 的表达与呼吸道病毒感染期间免疫反应不足以及易再感染有关，这可能是 T 细胞效应功能受到抑制的结果。然而，在急性病毒性下呼吸道感染期间，LAG-3 检查点的治疗潜力及其作用机制的相关重要信息仍有待阐明。本文讨论了 LAG-3 对病毒呼吸道感染期间 T 细胞功能障碍的影响。了解宿主对呼吸道感染的免疫反应对于开发有效的疫苗和治疗方法至关重要。
