通过水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中的锌纳米复合材料提高生物强化成功率和生产力。

Improving biofortification success rates and productivity through zinc nanocomposites in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

机构信息

Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.

出版信息

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(15):44223-44233. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25293-1. Epub 2023 Jan 23.

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop; most of it is consumed in nations where malnutrition is a serious problem, and its enrichment through biofortification can be used to efficiently combat hidden hunger. Here, we studied the effect of two zinc forms, i.e., zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and sulfate salt (ZnSO), at four different concentrations during the grain development period (after anthesis and continued once a week for up to 5 weeks) of the rice plant. During the rice growing season 2021-2022, all the experiments were conducted in a greenhouse (temperature: day 30 °C; night 20 °C; relative humidity: 70%; light period: 16 h/8 h, day/night). The main aim was to identify the effects of ZnO NPs on physical growth, biochemical parameters, nutrient acquisition, and crop yield. We have also highlighted the effects of NPs on zinc biofortification, and the end results illustrated that both zinc forms are capable of increasing grain yield. However, we found that even at low concentrations, ZnO NPs showed a significant increase in growth yield, whereas bulk did not show eminent results even at higher concentrations. Spikelet number per panicle was more than 50% and 38% in the case of ZnO NPs and ZnSO, respectively. Similarly, stimulation in plant height was 25% with NPs treatment and only 3% with bulk treatment. The increase in grain per spike was 19% with ZnO NPs as compared to the control. Total chlorophyll, soluble sugar, amylose, and soluble protein contents were enhanced under ZnO NP treatment, which plays an excellent role in the regulation of various transcriptional pathways related to biofortification. We identified that foliar application at the flowering stage is more effective in comparison to the basal and tillering stages of the rice life cycle. ZnO NPs increased zinc content in rice grain by 55% as compared to traditional fertilization (~ 35%), with no adverse effects on human health. This study highlights that ZnO NPs could be used to increase zinc efficiency and as a safe fertilizer in the rice harvesting ecosystem.

摘要

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是一种主要的粮食作物；大部分被消费在营养不良问题严重的国家，通过生物强化使其富锌可以有效地解决隐性饥饿问题。在这里，我们研究了两种锌形式，即氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）和硫酸盐盐（ZnSO），在水稻植物的籽粒发育时期（授粉后开始，每周一次，持续 5 周），在四个不同浓度下的效果。在 2021-2022 年的水稻生长季节中，所有实验都在温室中进行（温度：白天 30°C；夜间 20°C；相对湿度：70%；光照周期：16 小时/8 小时，白天/黑夜）。主要目的是确定 ZnO NPs 对物理生长、生化参数、养分吸收和作物产量的影响。我们还强调了 NPs 对锌生物强化的影响，最终结果表明，两种锌形式都能够增加籽粒产量。然而，我们发现，即使在低浓度下，ZnO NPs 也表现出显著的生长产量增加，而大块体即使在较高浓度下也没有显著的结果。ZnO NPs 和 ZnSO 的每穗小穗数分别增加了 50%和 38%。同样，用 NPs 处理可使株高增加 25%，而用大块体处理仅增加 3%。用 ZnO NPs 处理后，穗粒数增加了 19%，与对照相比。用 ZnO NPs 处理可提高总叶绿素、可溶性糖、直链淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量，这对调节与生物强化相关的各种转录途径有很好的作用。我们发现，与传统施肥相比，在水稻生命周期的开花阶段进行叶面喷施更为有效（~35%），而且对人体健康没有不良影响。本研究表明，ZnO NPs 可用于提高锌的效率，并作为水稻收获生态系统中的安全肥料。