School of Health Science and Engineering Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Lasers Surg Med. 2023 Feb;55(2):233-246. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23634. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Cryolipolysis is a popular noninvasive lipolytic method that uses low temperature to induce apoptosis or necrosis of adipocytes to reduce local fat in the human body. Vacuum suction applicator is a commonly used cryolipolysis equipment, which suction human skin and fat into a chamber for cooling. The structure of vacuum suction applicator is usually irregular, its cooling characteristic is also complex, and unreasonable suction structure will cause human discomfort. Biological experiments and clinical studies are often used to study the structural design of applicators, whereas these methods are impossible to obtain the three-dimensional cooling characteristic of applicator comprehensively and require a lot of costs. This study aims to optimize the structure of applicator for lowering discomfort, evaluate the cooling characteristic and lipolytic effect of applicators, which could provide guidance for clinical application of applicators and reduce costs.
Cryolipolysis applicators models with four vacuum suction angles were established, and COMSOL was used to compare the cooling performance parameters, cooling kinetics, and lipolytic effects of the applicators. Specific evaluation indicators also include: cooling capacity analysis, temperature field analysis, lipolytic percentage, lipolytic volume, lipolytic weight, lipolytic thickness, lipolytic waistline, and lipolysis temperature threshold analysis.
The applicator with a small suction angle has a greater cooling capacity to cool deeper level of fat. When the cooling temperature is -10°C, the temperature of skin layer is about -10°C at 60 minutes, the temperature of fat layer is -7.36 to 3.01°C at 10 mm, -3.67 to 5.91°C at 20 mm and 2.01-10.81°C at 30 mm. The percentage of lipolytic declined with the increase of suction angle, the final lipolytic percentage (35.81%) of the 90° applicator is the highest, the percentage (28.72%) of 150° applicator (28.72%) is the lowest. The lipolytic volume, weight, and average thickness of applicator constantly increased with the increase of the suction angle, the final lipolytic volume range of the four suction angle applicators is 171.88-310.18 cm , the lipolytic weight range is 160.11-288.93 g, and the lipolytic average thickness range is 1.21-1.36 cm. Lower lipolysis temperature threshold will reduce the lipolysis effect, but it may also lead to another lipolysis mechanism-cell necrosis.
Different suction angles significantly affect the cooling characteristics and lipolytic effects of cryolipolysis applicator. A reasonable suction angle is one of the critical factors to improve the efficiency and comfort of cryolipolysis.
冷冻溶脂是一种流行的非侵入性脂肪分解方法，它利用低温诱导脂肪细胞凋亡或坏死，从而减少人体局部脂肪。真空抽吸式应用器是一种常用的冷冻溶脂设备，它将人体皮肤和脂肪吸入腔室进行冷却。应用器的结构通常不规则，其冷却特性也很复杂，不合理的抽吸结构会导致人体不适。生物实验和临床研究通常用于研究应用器的结构设计，而这些方法不可能全面获得应用器的三维冷却特性，并且需要大量成本。本研究旨在优化应用器的结构以降低不适感，评估应用器的冷却特性和脂肪分解效果，这可为应用器的临床应用提供指导并降低成本。
建立了四个真空抽吸角度的冷冻溶脂应用器模型，并使用 COMSOL 比较了应用器的冷却性能参数、冷却动力学和脂肪分解效果。具体评估指标还包括：冷却能力分析、温度场分析、脂肪分解百分比、脂肪分解体积、脂肪分解重量、脂肪分解平均厚度、脂肪分解腰围和脂肪分解温度阈值分析。
小抽吸角度的应用器具有更大的冷却能力，可冷却更深层次的脂肪。当冷却温度为-10°C 时，在 60 分钟时皮肤层的温度约为-10°C，脂肪层在 10mm 处的温度为-7.36 至 3.01°C，在 20mm 处的温度为-3.67 至 5.91°C，在 30mm 处的温度为 2.01-10.81°C。脂肪分解百分比随抽吸角度的增加而下降，90°应用器的最终脂肪分解百分比（35.81%）最高，150°应用器（28.72%）的百分比最低。应用器的脂肪分解体积、重量和平均厚度随抽吸角度的增加而不断增加，四个抽吸角度应用器的最终脂肪分解体积范围为 171.88-310.18cm³，脂肪分解重量范围为 160.11-288.93g，脂肪分解平均厚度范围为 1.21-1.36cm。较低的脂肪分解温度阈值会降低脂肪分解效果，但也可能导致另一种脂肪分解机制——细胞坏死。
不同的抽吸角度显著影响冷冻溶脂应用器的冷却特性和脂肪分解效果。合理的抽吸角度是提高冷冻溶脂效率和舒适度的关键因素之一。
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