Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål stadion, PO Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
Int Urogynecol J. 2023 Jun;34(6):1153-1164. doi: 10.1007/s00192-023-05450-3. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
High-intensity physical activity and exercise have been listed as possible risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The aim of the present study is to conduct a literature review on the prevalence and incidence of POP in women who engage in regular physical activity. In addition, we review the effects of a single exercise or a single session of exercise on pelvic floor support. Finally, the effect of exercises on POP in the early postpartum period is reviewed.
This is a narrative scoping review. We searched PubMed and Ovid Medline, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to May 2022 with the following MeSH terms: "physical activity" AND "exercise" AND "pelvic floor" AND "pelvic organ prolapse".
Eight prevalence studies were retrieved. Prevalence rates of symptomatic POP varied between 0 (small study within different sports) and 23% (Olympic weightlifters and power lifters). Parity was the only factor associated with POP in most studies. Three studies evaluated the pelvic floor after a single exercise or one session of exercise and found increased vaginal descent or increased POP symptoms. One prospective cohort study reported the development of POP after 6 weeks of military parashot training, and one randomized trial reported increased POP symptoms after transverse abdominal training. There is scant knowledge on exercise and POP in the postpartum period.
Prevalence of POP in sports varies widely. Experimental and prospective studies indicate that strenuous exercise increased POP symptoms and reduced pelvic floor support.
高强度的体力活动和运动已被列为盆腔器官脱垂（POP）的可能危险因素。本研究旨在对经常进行体力活动的女性 POP 的患病率和发病率进行文献综述。此外，我们还回顾了单次运动或单次运动对盆底支撑的影响。最后，还回顾了运动对产后早期 POP 的影响。
这是一个叙述性范围综述。我们检索了 PubMed 和 Ovid Medline、物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）和 Cochrane 系统评价数据库，检索截至 2022 年 5 月，使用以下 MeSH 术语：“体力活动”和“运动”和“盆底”和“盆腔器官脱垂”。
共检索到 8 项患病率研究。有症状 POP 的患病率在 0（不同运动中的小研究）和 23%（奥林匹克举重运动员和力量举重运动员）之间不等。大多数研究中，只有多胎是与 POP 相关的唯一因素。三项研究评估了单次运动或一次运动后的盆底情况，发现阴道下降或 POP 症状增加。一项前瞻性队列研究报告了军事跳伞训练 6 周后 POP 的发展，一项随机试验报告了横向腹部训练后 POP 症状增加。关于产后运动和 POP 的知识很少。
运动中 POP 的患病率差异很大。实验和前瞻性研究表明，剧烈运动增加了 POP 症状并降低了盆底支撑。
