Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Compr Psychiatry. 2023 Apr;122:152366. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152366. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Problematic usage of the internet (PUI) is an umbrella term, referring to a variety of maladaptive online behaviors linked to functional impairment. There is ongoing need for the development of instruments capturing not only PUI severity, but also the online activity types. The Internet Severity and Activities Questionnaire (ISAAQ), previously developed to address this need, required further refinement and validation.
Cross-sectional data was gathered in two separate samples (South Africa n = 3275, USA-UK n = 943) using the Internet Severity and Activities Addiction Questionnaire (ISAAQ). Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to examine the properties of the scale (Part A of the ISAAQ) and differential item functioning against demographic parameters. The severity scale of the ISAAQ was optimized by eliminating the poorest performing items using an iterative approach and examining validity metrics. Cluster analyses was used to examine internet activities and commonalities across samples (Part B of the ISAAQ).
Optimization of ISAAQ using IRT yielded a refined 10-item version (ISAAQ-10), with less differential item functioning and a robust unidimensional factor structure. The ISAAQ-10 severity score correlated strongly with established measures of internet addiction (Compulsive Internet Use Scale [Person's r = 0.86] and the Internet Addiction Test-10 [r = 0.75]). Combined with gaming activity score it correlated moderately strongly with the established Internet Gaming Disorder Test (r = 0.65). Exploratory cluster analyses in both samples identified two groups, one of "low-PUI" [98.1-98.5%], and one of "high-PUI" [1.5-1.9%]. Multiple facets of internet activity appeared elevated in the high-PUI cluster.
The ISAAQ-10 supersedes the earlier longer version of the ISAAQ, and provides a useful, psychometrically robust measure of PUI severity (Part A), and captures the extent of engagement in a wide gamut of online specific internet activities (Part B). ISAAQ-10 constitutes a valuable objective measurement tool for future studies.
互联网使用问题（PUI）是一个总称，指的是与功能障碍相关的各种适应不良的在线行为。目前需要开发不仅能捕捉 PUI 严重程度，而且还能捕捉在线活动类型的工具。之前开发的互联网严重程度和活动成瘾问卷（ISAAQ）正是为了满足这一需求，但需要进一步改进和验证。
使用互联网严重程度和活动成瘾问卷（ISAAQ）在两个独立的样本（南非 n=3275，美国-英国 n=943）中收集横断面数据。项目反应理论（IRT）用于检查量表的特性（ISAAQ 的 A 部分）和针对人口统计学参数的差异项目功能。通过迭代方法消除表现最差的项目并检查有效性指标，对 ISAAQ 的严重程度量表进行优化。聚类分析用于检查互联网活动和样本之间的共同性（ISAAQ 的 B 部分）。
使用 IRT 对 ISAAQ 进行优化得到了一个经过改进的 10 项版本（ISAAQ-10），具有较少的差异项目功能和稳健的单维因子结构。ISAAQ-10 严重程度评分与已建立的网络成瘾测量（强迫性网络使用量表[皮尔逊相关系数 r=0.86]和网络成瘾测试-10[r=0.75]）高度相关。与游戏活动评分相结合，它与已建立的网络游戏障碍测试中度强相关（r=0.65）。在两个样本中的探索性聚类分析中，确定了两个组，一个是“低 PUI”[98.1-98.5%]，另一个是“高 PUI”[1.5-1.9%]。高 PUI 组中出现了多个互联网活动方面的升高。
ISAAQ-10 取代了早期较长版本的 ISAAQ，提供了一种有用的、心理测量学上稳健的 PUI 严重程度测量工具（A 部分），并捕捉到广泛的在线特定互联网活动的参与程度（B 部分）。ISAAQ-10 是未来研究的有价值的客观测量工具。
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