Buesseler K O, Livingston H D, Honjo S, Hay B J, Manganini S J, Degens E, Ittekkot V, Izdar E, Konuk T
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts 02543.
Nature. 1987;329(6142):825-8. doi: 10.1038/329825a0.
The Chernobyl nuclear power station accident released large quantities of vaporized radionuclides, and, to a lesser extent, mechanically released small (less than 1-10 micron) aerosol particles. The total release of radioactivity is estimated to be out of the order of 1-2 x 10(18) Bq (3-5 x 10(7) Ci) not allowing for releases of the xenon and krypton gases. The 137Cs releases of 3.8 x 10(16) Bq from Chernobyl can be compared to 1.3 x 10(18) Bq 137Cs released due to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Chernobyl-derived radionuclides can be used as transient tracers to study physical and biogeochemical processes. Initial measurements of fallout Chernobyl radionuclides from a time-series sediment trap at 1,071 m during June-September 1986 in the southern Black Sea are presented. The specific activities of 137Cs, 144Ce and 106Ru in the trap samples (0.5-2, 4-12 and 6-13 Bq g-1) are independent of the particle flux while their relative activities reflect their rates of scavenging in the order Ce greater than Ru greater than Cs.
切尔诺贝利核电站事故释放了大量汽化的放射性核素，在较小程度上还机械释放了小的（小于1 - 10微米）气溶胶颗粒。放射性物质的总释放量估计约为1 - 2×10¹⁸贝可（3 - 5×10⁷居里），这还未计入氙气和氪气的释放量。切尔诺贝利释放的3.8×10¹⁶贝可的¹³⁷铯，可与因大气层核武器试验释放的1.3×10¹⁸贝可的¹³⁷铯相比较。源自切尔诺贝利的放射性核素可作为瞬时示踪剂用于研究物理和生物地球化学过程。本文展示了1986年6月至9月期间在黑海南部深度1071米处的一个时间序列沉积物捕集器中沉降的切尔诺贝利放射性核素的初步测量结果。捕集器样品中¹³⁷铯、¹⁴⁴铈和¹⁰⁶钌的比活度（分别为0.5 - 2、4 - 12和6 - 13贝可/克）与颗粒通量无关，而它们的相对活度反映了它们的清除速率，顺序为铈大于钌大于铯。
