Li Yang, Gao Jianxu, Lv Jingyi, Lambo Modinat Tolani, Wang Yanfei, Wang Liang, Zhang Yonggen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2023 Mar;106(3):1803-1814. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22503. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
This research aimed to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal with high-oil pumpkin seed cake (HOPSC) on ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, milk fatty acid, and ruminal bacterial community in Chinese dairy cows. Six multiparous Chinese Holstein cows at 105.50 ± 5.24 d in milk (mean ± standard deviation) and 36.63 ± 0.74 kg/d of milk yield were randomly allocated, in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, to 3 dietary treatments in which HOPSC replaced soybean meal. Group 1 was the basal diet with no HOPSC (0HOPSC); group 2 was a 50% replacement of soybean meal with HOPSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 50HOPSC), and group 3 was a 100% replacement of soybean meal with HOPSC and DDGS (100HOPSC). We found no difference in the quantity of milk produced or milk composition among the 3 treatment groups. Feed efficiency tended to increase linearly as more HOPSC was consumed. In addition, rumen fermentation was not influenced when soybean meal was replaced with HOPSC and DDGS; the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria at the phylum and genus levels was altered. We also observed that as the level of HOPSC supplementation increased, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Tenericutes linearly increased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes decreased. However, with increasing HOPSC supplementation, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus decreased linearly at the genus level in the rumen, and the relative abundance of Prevotella showed a linear downward tendency. Changes in dietary composition and rumen bacteria had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of milk. In conclusion, our results indicated that replacing soybean meal with a combination of HOPSC and DDGS can meet the nutritional needs of high-yielding dairy cows without adversely affecting milk yield and quality; however, the composition of rumen bacteria could be modified. Further study is required to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of HOPSC on rumen fermentation and performance of dairy cows.
本研究旨在探讨用高油南瓜籽饼（HOPSC）替代豆粕对中国荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵、泌乳性能、乳脂肪酸及瘤胃细菌群落的影响。选用6头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛，泌乳天数为105.50±5.24天（平均值±标准差），日产奶量为36.63±0.74千克，采用3×3拉丁方设计，随机分配到3种日粮处理组，其中HOPSC替代豆粕。第1组为不添加HOPSC的基础日粮（0HOPSC）；第2组用HOPSC和干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）替代50%的豆粕（50HOPSC），第3组用HOPSC和DDGS替代100%的豆粕（100HOPSC）。我们发现3个处理组之间的产奶量和乳成分没有差异。随着HOPSC摄入量的增加，饲料效率呈线性增加趋势。此外，用HOPSC和DDGS替代豆粕时，瘤胃发酵不受影响；瘤胃细菌在门和属水平的相对丰度发生了改变。我们还观察到，随着HOPSC添加水平的增加，厚壁菌门和柔膜菌门的相对丰度呈线性增加，而拟杆菌门的相对丰度则下降。然而，随着HOPSC添加量的增加，瘤胃中瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度在属水平呈线性下降，普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度呈线性下降趋势。日粮组成和瘤胃细菌的变化对乳脂肪酸组成没有显著影响。总之，我们的结果表明，用HOPSC和DDGS组合替代豆粕可以满足高产奶牛的营养需求，而不会对产奶量和质量产生不利影响；然而，瘤胃细菌的组成可能会发生改变。需要进一步研究来探讨长期饲喂HOPSC对奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响。
