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追踪卵泡细胞发育。

Tracking Follicle Cell Development.

作者信息

Soriano Adrianna, Petit Christopher, Ryan Savannah, Jemc Jennifer C

机构信息

Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Houston Baptist University, Houston, TX, USA.

出版信息

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2626:151-177. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2970-3_8.

Abstract

Somatic follicle cells are critical support cells for Drosophila oogenesis, as they provide signals and molecules needed to produce a mature egg. Throughout this process, the follicle cells differentiate into multiple subpopulations and transition between three different cell cycle programs to support nurse cell and oocyte development. The follicle cells are mitotic in early egg chamber development, as they cover the germline cyst. In mid-oogenesis, follicle cells switch from mitosis to endocycling, increasing their ploidy from 2C to 16C. Finally, in late oogenesis, cells transition from endocycling to gene amplification, increasing the copy number of a small subset of genes, including the genes encoding proteins required for egg maturation. In order to explore the genetic regulation of these cell cycle switches and follicle cell development and specification, clonal analysis and the GAL4/UAS system are used frequently to reduce or increase expression of genes of interest. These genetic approaches combined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are powerful tools for characterizing the mechanisms regulating follicle cell development and the mitosis/endocycle and endocycle/gene amplification transitions. This chapter describes the genetic tools available to manipulate gene expression in follicle cells, as well as the methods and reagents that can be utilized to explore gene expression throughout follicle cell development.

摘要

体细胞滤泡细胞是果蝇卵子发生过程中的关键支持细胞,因为它们提供产生成熟卵子所需的信号和分子。在整个过程中,滤泡细胞分化为多个亚群,并在三种不同的细胞周期程序之间转换,以支持滋养细胞和卵母细胞的发育。在早期卵室发育过程中,滤泡细胞进行有丝分裂,因为它们覆盖生殖系囊肿。在卵子发生中期,滤泡细胞从有丝分裂转变为内循环,使其倍性从2C增加到16C。最后,在卵子发生后期,细胞从内循环转变为基因扩增,增加一小部分基因的拷贝数,包括编码卵子成熟所需蛋白质的基因。为了探索这些细胞周期转换以及滤泡细胞发育和特化的遗传调控,克隆分析和GAL4/UAS系统经常被用于减少或增加感兴趣基因的表达。这些遗传方法与免疫组织化学和原位杂交相结合,是表征调控滤泡细胞发育以及有丝分裂/内循环和内循环/基因扩增转换机制的有力工具。本章描述了可用于操纵滤泡细胞中基因表达的遗传工具,以及可用于在滤泡细胞发育过程中探索基因表达的方法和试剂。

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