Schubert Hannah C, Duda Michael, Eschner Anita, Weigand Erich, Kruckenhauser Luise
Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna Austria.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna Vienna Austria.
Biodivers Data J. 2023 Jan 11;11:e91496. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e91496. eCollection 2023.
The Kalkalpen National Park is situated in Upper Austria and contains more than 800 springs. The international importance of this Park is, from the perspective of nature conservation directives, highly significant (European Nature Reserve Natura 2000, recognised wetland of the Ramsar convention). In the current study, the hydrobioid fauna ('spring snails') of the Kalkalpen National Park was evaluated. These tiny snails are difficult to determine; however, their investigation is especially desirable, as several species are threatened and as they are important for water quality assessment. Snails collected in 39 selected springs were examined with classical morphological methods (shell and genital anatomy) and, subsequently, by DNA analysis. For this task, the DNA barcode, a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene (length of the sequence 658-682 bp), was PCR amplified and sequenced. From 107 specimens, the DNA barcoding sequence could be obtained and compared with already existing DNA sequences. The (sub)endemic species , , and could be clearly identified. For , despite the ambitious collecting effort, only empty shells were found in four springs (including the locus typicus spring) in the Park and its surroundings. The genus was detected in 36 springs. From 25 of these localities, DNA barcodes could be created, which matches those of (comparison data from ABOL). It is, therefore, concluded that the species occurs widely in the Kalkalpen National Park. The genus was sampled from 16 springs. From one, the haplotype of could be identified (spring is 5 km outside the Park) and from six, the haplotype of . was found in three springs, which all lie outside the boundaries and are, therefore, not included in the protection measures of the National Park. The data and analyses obtained contribute to the assessment of the taxonomic status of the species studied. The present study gives a good baseline for further monitoring of the hydrobioids in the Kalkalpen National Park, which is important to evaluate current as well as to decide on future protection measures for this group.
卡尔卡阿尔卑斯山国家公园位于奥地利上奥地利州，拥有800多处泉眼。从自然保护指令的角度来看，该公园具有高度的国际重要性（欧洲自然保护区“自然2000”，《拉姆萨尔公约》认可的湿地）。在当前的研究中，对卡尔卡阿尔卑斯山国家公园的水生生物类群（“泉水蜗牛”）进行了评估。这些微小的蜗牛很难鉴定；然而，对它们的研究尤为必要，因为有几种物种受到威胁，而且它们对水质评估很重要。对从39个选定泉眼中采集的蜗牛，先用经典形态学方法（壳和生殖器解剖）进行检查，随后进行DNA分析。为此，对线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（COI）基因的部分序列（序列长度658 - 682 bp）即DNA条形码进行PCR扩增和测序。从107个标本中获得了DNA条形码序列，并与已有的DNA序列进行比较。可以明确鉴定出（亚）特有物种 、 、 和 。对于 ，尽管付出了巨大的采集努力，但在公园及其周边的四个泉眼（包括模式产地泉眼）中仅发现了空壳。在36个泉眼中检测到了 属。从其中25个地点创建了DNA条形码，与 （来自ABOL的比较数据）的条形码匹配。因此，可以得出结论，该物种在卡尔卡阿尔卑斯山国家公园广泛分布。从16个泉眼中采集了 属样本。从其中一个泉眼（该泉眼在公园外5公里处）鉴定出了 的单倍型，从六个泉眼中鉴定出了 的单倍型。在三个泉眼中发现了 ，这三个泉眼都在公园边界之外，因此未纳入国家公园的保护措施。所获得的数据和分析有助于评估所研究物种的分类地位。本研究为卡尔卡阿尔卑斯山国家公园水生生物类群的进一步监测提供了良好的基线，这对于评估当前以及决定该类群未来的保护措施非常重要。
