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节肢动物群落结构对濒危食虫鸟类的影响。

Consequences of arthropod community structure for an at-risk insectivorous bird.

机构信息

Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Center for Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America.

California State Parks, San Clemente, CA, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2023 Feb 10;18(2):e0281081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281081. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Global declines in bird and arthropod abundance highlights the importance of understanding the role of food limitation and arthropod community composition for the performance of insectivorous birds. In this study, we link data on nestling diet, arthropod availability and nesting performance for the Coastal Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus sandiegensis), an at-risk insectivorous bird native to coastal southern California and Baja Mexico. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterize nestling diets and monitored 8 bird territories over two years to assess the relationship between arthropod and vegetation community composition and bird reproductive success. We document a discordance between consumed prey and arthropod biomass within nesting territories, in which Diptera and Lepidoptera were the most frequently consumed prey taxa but were relatively rare in the environment. In contrast other Orders (e.g., Hemiptera, Hymenoptera)were abundant in the environment but were absent from nestling diets. Accordingly, variation in bird reproductive success among territories was positively related to the relative abundance of Lepidoptera (but not Diptera), which were most abundant on 2 shrub species (Eriogonum fasciculatum, Sambucus nigra) of the 9 habitat elements characterized (8 dominant plant species and bare ground). Bird reproductive success was in turn negatively related to two invasive arthropods whose abundance was not associated with preferred bird prey, but instead possibly acted through harassment (Linepithema humile; Argentine ants) and parasite transmission or low nutritional quality (Armadillidium vulgare; "pill-bug"). These results demonstrate how multiple aspects of arthropod community structure can influence bird performance through complementary mechanisms, and the importance of managing for arthropods in bird conservation efforts.

摘要

全球鸟类和节肢动物数量的减少突显了理解食物限制和节肢动物群落组成对食虫鸟类表现的重要性。在这项研究中,我们将沿海仙人掌鹪鹩(Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus sandiegensis)的雏鸟饮食、节肢动物可用性和筑巢表现数据联系起来,这种面临风险的食虫鸟类原产于南加州沿海和下加利福尼亚半岛。我们使用 DNA 代谢组学来描述雏鸟的饮食,并在两年内监测了 8 个鸟类领地,以评估节肢动物和植被群落组成与鸟类繁殖成功率之间的关系。我们记录了筑巢领地内消耗的猎物与节肢动物生物量之间的不匹配,其中双翅目和鳞翅目是最常被消耗的猎物类群,但在环境中相对较少。相比之下,其他目(例如半翅目、膜翅目)在环境中丰富,但不存在于雏鸟的饮食中。因此,领地间鸟类繁殖成功率的变化与鳞翅目(而不是双翅目)的相对丰度呈正相关,而鳞翅目在 9 种栖息地元素中(8 种优势植物物种和裸地)的 2 种灌木物种(Eriogonum fasciculatum、Sambucus nigra)上最为丰富。鸟类繁殖成功率反过来又与两种入侵节肢动物呈负相关,这些节肢动物的丰度与鸟类的首选猎物无关,而是可能通过骚扰(Linepithema humile;阿根廷蚂蚁)和寄生虫传播或低营养价值(Armadillidium vulgare;“pill-bug”)起作用。这些结果表明,节肢动物群落结构的多个方面如何通过互补机制影响鸟类的表现,以及在鸟类保护工作中管理节肢动物的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3f7b/9917275/9af3900c9841/pone.0281081.g001.jpg

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