Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Mazovia in Warsaw, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15Armii Krajowej St., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 26;20(3):2211. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032211.
CrossFit is a physical activity program and sport which is based on functional movements performed at high intensity and with high variability of exercises. It develops all motor skills. The study included 424 athletes (266 men and 158 women) from twelve centers in Poland, actively practicing CrossFit between 18 and 60 years of age. A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was used, which was divided into four subsections concerning the characteristics of the sample, training routine, injuries, and information about environment. In total, 48% of respondents participating in the study suffered at least one injury during their entire training history. The injuries suffered most often involved shoulder joint and lumbar spine. Men were found to face a higher risk of injury than women, at 32.78% vs. 15.33% ( = 0.027). The shorter the training period, the smaller the number of injuries observed among the trainees. It was also noted that the shorter the training period, the lower the number of injuries that occurred ( = 0.041). An increase in the number of training sessions per week did not increase the incidence of injuries ( > 0.05). Performing isometric exercises during warm-up reduced the likelihood of injury during CrossFit training itself ( = 0.012). Training despite of concomitant acute pain had a significant adverse effect on the incidence of injuries ( = 0.002). The most common risk factors for injury in the CrossFit training process include, in particular: gender, training experience, and length of training sessions. Proper warm-up including isometric exercises and training conducted without accompanying pain symptoms reduces the risk of injury.
交叉训练是一种以高强度和高变异性的运动为基础的身体活动项目和运动。它可以发展所有运动技能。本研究纳入了来自波兰 12 个中心的 424 名运动员（266 名男性和 158 名女性），他们年龄在 18 至 60 岁之间，积极从事交叉训练。使用了一份由 25 个问题组成的问卷，问卷分为四个部分，分别涉及样本特征、训练常规、受伤情况以及环境信息。在整个研究过程中，48%的参与者至少受过一次伤。受伤最常见的部位是肩关节和腰椎。男性受伤的风险高于女性，分别为 32.78%和 15.33%（ = 0.027）。训练时间越短，观察到的受伤人数越少。此外，还发现训练时间越短，受伤人数越少（ = 0.041）。每周训练次数的增加并不会增加受伤的发生率（ > 0.05）。在热身时进行等长运动可以降低交叉训练本身受伤的可能性（ = 0.012）。尽管有伴随的急性疼痛，但继续训练对受伤的发生率有显著的不良影响（ = 0.002）。在交叉训练过程中，受伤的常见风险因素包括性别、训练经验和训练时间长度。适当的热身，包括等长运动和无伴随疼痛症状的训练，可以降低受伤的风险。
