Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Accounting and Finance, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 2;20(3):2702. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032702.
Nowadays, a high level of sedentary behavior (SB) is an important health issue. Many studies have focused on evaluating the physical activity (PA) level, while evaluation of SB has received less attention. The main goal of the present study is to describe the sedentary lifestyle of the Hungarian adult population and identify the vulnerable groups with high amount of sitting time and the patterns of SB. Another aim of this study is to compare the two types of questionnaires (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire-SBQ) related to sitting time.
This study analyzed cross-sectional primary data using self-reported questionnaires collected by a Hungarian research market company among the adult population in Hungary. The final sample of this study consisted of 1295 participants with a mean age of 45.9 years (SD = 15.2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with post-hoc (Tukey) analysis were used to analyze the link between sitting time and socio-demographic variables (sex, age, BMI, settlement type, education level, marital status, work category, working hours, employment status, sport activity) and body mass index (BMI).
According to the SBQ, on average, Hungarians sit for 469.53 min per day (7.81 h) on weekdays and 421.25 min per day (7.01 h) on weekends, which suggested a significant difference compared to IPAQ data: 287.82 min per day (4.79 h) on weekdays and 224.30 min per day (3.73 h) on weekends. Young people (aged between 18 and 29) were reported to have the highest average sitting time, i.e., 545 min per day (more than 9 h), and are showing the highest prevalence (53%) of sitting at least 480 min (8 h) per day. Sitting workers also had a high average sitting time, i.e., 514.82 min per day, and a high prevalence (49.3%) of sitting at least 480 min (8 h) per day. People who live in the capital city had higher sitting time, especially on working days. Men sat longer than woman, i.e., 19 min on working days and 45 min on weekends. The most frequent sedentary activities are: working on computer (126 min) on working days and watching TV (130 min) on weekends. Our results clearly show that the self-report single-item measure (IPAQ) significantly underestimates sedentary time compared to the multi-item questionnaire (SBQ). We identified vulnerable groups with high sitting times: men, young adults, inhabitants of the capital city and sitting workers. Consequently, these groups should be continuously surveyed, and requires specific interventions and strategies that particularly counteract the increased sitting time.
如今，高水平的久坐行为（SB）是一个重要的健康问题。许多研究都集中在评估身体活动（PA）水平上，而对 SB 的评估则较少受到关注。本研究的主要目的是描述匈牙利成年人群的久坐生活方式，并确定久坐时间长的脆弱人群和久坐行为模式。本研究的另一个目的是比较两种与久坐时间相关的问卷（国际体力活动问卷-IPAQ 和久坐行为问卷-SBQ）。
本研究使用匈牙利研究市场公司在匈牙利成年人群中收集的自我报告问卷，对横断面原始数据进行了分析。本研究的最终样本由 1295 名参与者组成，平均年龄为 45.9 岁（SD=15.2）。采用方差分析（ANOVA）检验和事后（Tukey）分析，分析久坐时间与社会人口学变量（性别、年龄、BMI、居住类型、教育程度、婚姻状况、工作类别、工作时间、就业状况、运动活动）和体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。
根据 SBQ，匈牙利人工作日平均每天坐 469.53 分钟（7.81 小时），周末平均每天坐 421.25 分钟（7.01 小时），与 IPAQ 数据相比有显著差异：工作日每天坐 287.82 分钟（4.79 小时），周末每天坐 224.30 分钟（3.73 小时）。年轻人（18-29 岁）报告的平均久坐时间最长，每天 545 分钟（超过 9 小时），每天至少坐 480 分钟（8 小时）的比例最高（53%）。久坐工作的人每天平均久坐时间也很长，为 514.82 分钟，每天至少坐 480 分钟（8 小时）的比例也很高（49.3%）。居住在首都的人久坐时间更长，尤其是在工作日。男性比女性坐的时间长，工作日长 19 分钟，周末长 45 分钟。最常见的久坐活动是：工作日在电脑上工作（126 分钟）和周末看电视（130 分钟）。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，与多项目问卷（SBQ）相比，自我报告的单项措施（IPAQ）明显低估了久坐时间。我们确定了久坐时间长的脆弱人群：男性、年轻人、首都居民和久坐工作者。因此，应持续对这些群体进行调查，并需要采取特定的干预措施和策略，特别是要针对增加的久坐时间。
