Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Cooperative Education, 34225 Baunatal, Germany.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 27;15(3):648. doi: 10.3390/nu15030648.
(1) Background: German working adults are particularly at risk of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), which is connected to increased cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality. Dietary behavior (DB) and health knowledge are crucial factors in the conceptual NAFLD model, which can directly influence this disease. These two factors largely align with the concept of food literacy (FL), which deals with proficiency in food-related skills and knowledge to promote healthy DB and prevent NAFLD. However, the potential of FL for NAFLD prevention remains unknown, because FL has not been tested in connection with DB and NAFLD. Therefore, the current study examined the direct and indirect connections between FL, DB, and NAFLD in a mediation model. (2) Methods: A total of 372 working adults (38% female) participated in a cross-sectional study by completing self-report questionnaires on FL and DB. In addition, an independent physician assessed the fatty-liver index (FLI) as an indicator of NAFLD in an occupational health checkup. (3) Results: The mediation model revealed that FL had a direct moderate connection with DB (β = 0.25, < 0.01), but no direct connection with the FLI (β = -0.05, = 0.36). However, DB showed a small to moderate connection with the FLI (β = -0.14, = 0.01), which could indicate the indirect-only mediation of the relationship between FL and NAFLD via DB. (4) Conclusion: These results confirm the value of DB for the prevention of NAFLD. In addition, FL might be a vital component for improving DB and thereby function as a resource in the prevention of NAFLD. However, future longitudinal research is needed to substantiate the value of FL with respect to NAFLD.
(1) 背景：德国成年劳动者特别容易患非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD），这与心血管疾病和整体发病率及死亡率的上升有关。饮食行为（DB）和健康知识是概念性 NAFLD 模型中的关键因素，它们可以直接影响这种疾病。这两个因素在很大程度上与食品素养（FL）的概念一致，FL 涉及与食物相关的技能和知识的熟练程度，以促进健康的 DB 并预防 NAFLD。然而，FL 预防 NAFLD 的潜力尚不清楚，因为尚未在 DB 和 NAFLD 方面对 FL 进行测试。因此，本研究在一个中介模型中检验了 FL、DB 和 NAFLD 之间的直接和间接联系。(2) 方法：共有 372 名成年劳动者（38%为女性）参与了一项横断面研究，他们通过填写自我报告问卷来评估 FL 和 DB。此外，在一项职业健康检查中，一名独立医生评估了脂肪性肝病指数（FLI）作为 NAFLD 的指标。(3) 结果：中介模型表明，FL 与 DB 呈直接中度关联（β=0.25， < 0.01），但与 FLI 无直接关联（β=-0.05， = 0.36）。然而，DB 与 FLI 呈小到中度关联（β=-0.14， = 0.01），这表明 FL 和 NAFLD 之间的关系仅通过 DB 进行间接中介。(4) 结论：这些结果证实了 DB 对预防 NAFLD 的价值。此外，FL 可能是改善 DB 的重要组成部分，从而成为预防 NAFLD 的资源。然而，需要进行未来的纵向研究来证实 FL 对 NAFLD 的价值。
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