Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2023 Feb 14;32:e11. doi: 10.1017/S204579602300001X.
We will first examine whether seeking help for depression and schizophrenia from mental health professionals is nowadays more accepted among the German public than it used to be 30 years ago. Next, we will explore whether changes in help-seeking preferences between 1990 and 2020 are specific to mental health professions or are part of changes in attitudes to professional help-seeking in general. Finally, we will study whether a temporal relationship does exist between the advent of awareness-raising and anti-stigma campaigns after the turn of the millennium and changes in the acceptance of mental health care.
In 1990 ( = 2044), 2001 ( = 4005), 2011 ( = 1984) and 2020 ( = 2449) methodologically identical population-based surveys were conducted in Germany. After presentation of an unlabelled case vignette depicting someone with either schizophrenia or depression, we asked about help-seeking recommendations for the person described.
The German public's readiness to recommend seeking help from mental health professionals has markedly grown over the past 30 years. In contrast, in the eyes of the public, turning to a general practitioner has become only slightly more, consulting a priest even less advisable than it used to be three decades ago. Seeing a naturopath is seen with markedly less disapproval today compared to 1990, but explicit recommendation of this helping source has not increased correspondingly in. The most pronounced increase in the German public's propensity to recommend seeking help from mental health professionals occurred already in the 1990s, i.e. before efforts to heighten public awareness had started.
Today, the German public is more in favour of mental health professionals than it used to be three decades ago. This seems to be a specific trend, and not to reflecting an increasing propensity towards professional help-seeking in general. Our findings counter the narrative that mental health communication efforts and initiatives have created more favourable attitudes towards mental health care among the public, since the observed changes in attitudes have preceded any campaigns. Instead, we tend to interpret the rise of the popularity of mental health professionals as a reflection of general cultural changes that have taken place over the past decades in Germany, as in other western countries.
首先，我们将研究如今德国公众寻求心理健康专业人士治疗抑郁症和精神分裂症是否比 30 年前更为普遍。其次，我们将探讨 1990 年至 2020 年期间寻求帮助偏好的变化是否仅局限于心理健康专业人士，或者是否是一般寻求专业帮助态度变化的一部分。最后，我们将研究在新千年之交后提高认识和反污名化运动的出现与接受心理健康护理之间是否存在时间关系。
1990 年（=2044 年）、2001 年（=4005 年）、2011 年（=1984 年）和 2020 年（=2449 年）在德国进行了方法学上相同的基于人群的调查。在呈现一个未标记的病例描述后，我们询问了对描述中的人寻求帮助的建议。
在过去的 30 年中，德国公众准备向心理健康专业人士寻求帮助的意愿明显增强。相比之下，在公众眼中，向全科医生寻求帮助比 30 年前略有增加，向牧师咨询则不太可取。与 1990 年相比，今天人们对自然疗法的接受程度明显降低，但对这种帮助来源的明确推荐并没有相应增加。德国公众倾向于向心理健康专业人士寻求帮助的最大增幅出现在 1990 年代，即在提高公众意识的努力开始之前。
如今，德国公众比 30 年前更倾向于心理健康专业人士。这似乎是一种特定的趋势，而不是反映出人们对一般专业帮助的需求普遍增加。我们的研究结果与公众对精神卫生保健的态度因精神卫生宣传工作和倡议而有所改善的说法相悖，因为观察到的态度变化早于任何宣传活动。相反，我们倾向于将心理健康专业人士的受欢迎程度上升解释为过去几十年来德国乃至其他西方国家发生的一般文化变化的反映。
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