Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Jan;117(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.020. Epub 2022 Dec 21.
Little is known regarding the association between weight change and accelerated aging.
This study aimed to estimate the influence of weight change across adulthood on biological aging acceleration in middle-aged and older adults in the United States.
We used data of 5553 adults (40-84 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010. Weight change patterns (i.e., stable normal, maximal overweight, obese to nonobese, nonobese to obese, and stable obese) and absolute weight change groups across adulthood (i.e., from young to middle adulthood, young to late adulthood, and middle to late adulthood) were defined. A biological aging measure (i.e., phenotypic age acceleration [PhenoAgeAccel]) at late adulthood was calculated. Survey analysis procedures with the survey weights were performed.
Across adulthood, maximal overweight, nonobese to obese, and stable obesity were consistently associated with higher PhenoAgeAccel. For instance, from young to middle adulthood, compared with participants who had stable normal weight, participants experiencing maximal overweight, moving from the nonobese to obese, and maintaining obesity had 1.71 (standard error [SE], 0.21; P < 0.001), 3.62 (SE, 0.28; P < 0.001), and 6.61 (SE, 0.58; P < 0.001) higher PhenoAgeAccel values, respectively. From young to middle adulthood, relative to absolute weight loss or gain of <2.5 kg, weight loss of ≥2.5 kg was marginally associated with lower PhenoAgeAccel (P = 0.054), whereas an obese to nonobese pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with higher PhenoAgeAccel (P < 0.001).
Maximal overweight, nonobese to obese, and stable obesity across adulthood, as well as an obese to nonobese pattern from middle to late adulthood, were associated with accelerated biological aging. In contrast, weight loss from young to middle adulthood was associated with decelerated biological aging. The findings highlight the potential role of weight management across adulthood for aging. Monitoring weight fluctuation may help identify the population at high risk of accelerated aging.
人们对体重变化与加速衰老之间的关系知之甚少。
本研究旨在评估美国中年及以上成年人整个成年期体重变化对生物衰老加速的影响。
我们使用了来自美国国家健康和营养调查 1999-2010 年的 5553 名成年人（40-84 岁）的数据。定义了成年期体重变化模式（即稳定正常、最大超重、肥胖到非肥胖、非肥胖到肥胖和稳定肥胖）和成年期绝对体重变化组（即从青年到中年、从青年到老年和从中年到老年）。计算了老年时的生物衰老指标（即表型年龄加速（PhenoAgeAccel））。采用带有调查权重的调查分析程序。
在整个成年期，最大超重、非肥胖到肥胖和稳定肥胖与更高的 PhenoAgeAccel 持续相关。例如，从青年到中年，与体重稳定正常的参与者相比，经历最大超重、从非肥胖到肥胖以及保持肥胖的参与者的 PhenoAgeAccel 值分别高出 1.71（标准误差[SE]，0.21；P < 0.001）、3.62（SE，0.28；P < 0.001）和 6.61（SE，0.58；P < 0.001）。从青年到中年，与体重减轻或增加<2.5 公斤相比，体重减轻≥2.5 公斤与较低的 PhenoAgeAccel 值相关（P = 0.054），而从中年到老年的肥胖到非肥胖模式与较高的 PhenoAgeAccel 值相关（P < 0.001）。
整个成年期的最大超重、非肥胖到肥胖以及从中年到老年的肥胖到非肥胖模式与生物衰老加速有关。相反，从青年到中年的体重减轻与生物衰老减速有关。这些发现强调了整个成年期体重管理对衰老的潜在作用。监测体重波动可能有助于识别处于加速衰老风险较高的人群。
