Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
J Texture Stud. 2023 Apr;54(2):334-346. doi: 10.1111/jtxs.12744. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
The physical characterization of chocolate products is vital in manufacturing, and the chocolate's processing time and composition directly influence physical properties, such as rheology and melting. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of processing time and the ingredient types on the physical properties of milk chocolates containing soy milk powder and soy protein isolate. Characteristics of skimmed milk chocolate (SMC) and whole milk chocolate (WMC) were compared to soy milk chocolate and soy protein chocolate (SPC). Rheological data of chocolate products were fitted to Casson, Herschel-Bulkley, and Bingham models. The highest viscosity was observed for SPC samples, whereas yield stress was the highest for SMC samples after 2 hr of processing. The increase in milk and soy fats in the formulation softened the texture and decreased the whiteness index significantly (p < .05). PSD results show that SPC had the highest D90 (40.1 μm) and the lowest specific surface area (893 m /kg) after 6 hr of processing. SPC samples had the narrowest particle size distribution observed by the span values. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all the samples had the desired Form V, crystal form. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram was used to determine phase transitions and melting behaviors. At the end of processing, melting enthalpies (ΔH ) were significantly lower (p < .05) in milk chocolates.
巧克力产品的物理特性在制造过程中至关重要,巧克力的加工时间和成分直接影响物理性质,如流变学和熔融性。本研究旨在研究加工时间和成分类型对含有豆浆粉和大豆分离蛋白的牛奶巧克力物理性质的影响。比较了脱脂牛奶巧克力(SMC)和全脂牛奶巧克力(WMC)与豆浆巧克力和大豆蛋白巧克力(SPC)的特性。巧克力产品的流变学数据拟合到 Casson、Herschel-Bulkley 和 Bingham 模型。SPC 样品的粘度最高,而加工 2 小时后 SMC 样品的屈服应力最高。配方中牛奶和大豆脂肪的增加使质地变软,白度指数显著降低(p < .05)。PSD 结果表明,SPC 在加工 6 小时后具有最高的 D90(40.1 μm)和最低的比表面积(893 m /kg)。SPC 样品的粒度分布最窄,由跨度值表示。X 射线衍射分析表明,所有样品均具有所需的 V 型晶体形态。差示扫描量热法热谱图用于确定相变和熔融行为。在加工结束时,牛奶巧克力的熔融焓(ΔH)显著降低(p < .05)。
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