University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
Acta Clin Croat. 2022 Aug;61(2):228-238. doi: 10.20471/acc.2022.61.02.09.
The aims of the study were to provide data on chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in rural population and to analyze the association with cardiovascular risk factors and aging. A random sample of 2193 farmers (1333 female (F) and 860 male (M), mean age 50.61±17.12) were enrolled. Questionnaire and clinical examination were conducted. Participants provided a spot urine and fasting blood sample. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Subjects were classified according to the KDIGO guidelines. The overall prevalence of CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m) was 8.83% (F . M 9.9% . 6.3%; p<0.001). Albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g) was found in 8.45% (F . M p>0.05). Sharp increase in CKD prevalence was found to begin after the sixth decade (29.44% in subjects older than 65 years; F . M 30.9% . 26.8%; p<0.01). The strongest predictor factors for CKD were age >65 years (OR 22.12), hypertension (OR 6.53), albuminuria (OR 5.71), fasting blood glucose >7 mmol/L (OR 5.49), diabetes (OR 3.07), abdominal obesity (OR 2.05) and non-smoking (OR 0.41). In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.13), female gender (OR 0.60) and diabetes (OR 1.75) were the independent predictor factors for CKD. In conclusion, CKD prevalence is high in rural population, being higher in women than in men. In both genders, eGFR significantly decreased with aging. Aging is a significant independent predictor of CKD.
本研究旨在提供农村人群慢性肾脏病（CKD）患病率的数据，并分析其与心血管危险因素和老龄化的关系。随机抽取 2193 名农民（1333 名女性（F）和 860 名男性（M），平均年龄 50.61±17.12）入组。进行问卷调查和临床检查。参与者提供了一份随机尿液和空腹血样。使用慢性肾脏病流行病学合作组（CKD-EPI）方程估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。根据 KDIGO 指南对受试者进行分类。CKD（eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m）的总患病率为 8.83%（F：M 9.9%：6.3%；p<0.001）。白蛋白尿（白蛋白与肌酐比值>30 mg/g）的检出率为 8.45%（F：M p>0.05）。发现 CKD 患病率在 60 岁以后急剧上升（65 岁以上患者为 29.44%；F：M 30.9%：26.8%；p<0.01）。CKD 的最强预测因素是年龄>65 岁（OR 22.12）、高血压（OR 6.53）、白蛋白尿（OR 5.71）、空腹血糖>7 mmol/L（OR 5.49）、糖尿病（OR 3.07）、腹型肥胖（OR 2.05）和不吸烟（OR 0.41）。多变量分析显示，年龄（OR 1.13）、女性（OR 0.60）和糖尿病（OR 1.75）是 CKD 的独立预测因素。总之，农村人群 CKD 患病率较高，女性高于男性。在两性中，eGFR 随年龄增长显著下降。年龄是 CKD 的重要独立预测因素。
