Liang Yihang, Zhang Yanqin, Wang Yuyue, Kong Xinggong, Cai Zucong, Wang Yanhua
School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
Foods. 2023 Feb 8;12(4):752. doi: 10.3390/foods12040752.
Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur's food consumption pattern changed from a "high carbohydrate and pork pattern" to a "high fiber and herbivore pattern", which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap, whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap. The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur's farming, farming-pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology.
城市化进程的加快和生活水平的提高导致了食物消费模式的变化。氮肥的施用保障了粮食安全，但也因氮素流失，通过酸化、富营养化和温室气体排放等过程导致了环境污染。为了阐明食物消费模式的变化是否会增加氮素流失，并探索可持续的食物系统路径，本研究整合了中国食物系统仪表盘和食物链中的养分流动、环境与资源利用模型，以黄河流域巴彦淖尔市为例，对2000年至2016年不同农业区域的食物消费与氮素流失之间的联系进行了量化和比较。在研究期间，巴彦淖尔的食物消费模式从“高碳水化合物和猪肉模式”转变为“高纤维和食草动物模式”，这代表着从低氮消费向高氮消费的转变。人均食物消费量从425.41千克/人下降了11.55%，而人均氮素流失量从35.60千克氮/人增加了12.42%。在这些流失中，植物性和动物性食物供应的平均占比分别为53.39%和46.61%。巴彦淖尔的农区、农牧交错区和牧区的食物消费模式和氮素流失存在差异。牧区的氮素流失变化最为显著。在过去16年中，向环境中的氮素流失从22.75克氮/人急剧增加了112.33%。巴彦淖尔市经济发展水平较低导致食物消费模式向高氮消费转变。提出了四项保障粮食安全和降低食物氮成本的措施：（1）增加小麦种植面积并维持现有玉米种植面积；（2）扩大优质苜蓿种植规模；（3）增加燕麦草和小麦复种面积；（4）采用现代种植技术。
Zotero 插件
