Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 12;20(4):3229. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043229.
Temperature is increasingly understood to impact mental health. However, evidence of the long-term effect of temperature exposure on the risk of depressive symptoms is still scarce. Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study estimated associations between long-term apparent temperature, extreme temperature, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Results showed that a 1 °C increase or decrease from optimum apparent temperature (12.72 °C) was associated with a 2.7% (95% CI: 1.3%, 4.1%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.1%, 3.5%) increased risk of depressive symptoms, respectively. This study also found that each percent increase in annual change in ice days, cool nights, cool days, cold spell durations, and tropical nights was associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms, with HRs (95%CI) of 1.289 (1.114-1.491), 2.064 (1.507-2.825), 1.315 (1.061-1.631), 1.645 (1.306-2.072), and 1.344 (1.127-1.602), respectively. The results also indicated that people living in northern China have attenuated risk of low apparent temperature. Older people were also observed at higher risk relating to more cool nights. Middle-aged people, rural residents, and people with lower household income might have higher related risk of depressive symptoms due to increased tropical nights. Given the dual effect of climate change and global aging, these findings have great significance for policy making and adaptive strategies for long-term temperature and extreme temperature exposure.
温度对心理健康的影响越来越受到重视。然而，关于长期暴露于温度对抑郁症状风险的影响的证据仍然很少。本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS），估计了中老年人群中长期体感温度、极端温度与抑郁症状之间的关联。结果表明，体感温度每升高或降低 1°C，与抑郁症状风险分别增加 2.7%（95%CI：1.3%，4.1%）和 2.3%（95%CI：1.1%，3.5%）有关。本研究还发现，每年冰雪日、凉爽夜晚、凉爽日、寒冷期持续时间和热带夜晚的变化百分比每增加 1%，与抑郁症状风险增加相关，风险比（95%CI）分别为 1.289（1.114-1.491）、2.064（1.507-2.825）、1.315（1.061-1.631）、1.645（1.306-2.072）和 1.344（1.127-1.602）。研究结果还表明，居住在中国北方的人群体感温度较低的风险较低。此外，年龄较大的人群中，凉爽夜晚较多的人群抑郁风险较高。中年人群、农村居民和家庭收入较低的人群，由于热带夜晚的增加，抑郁症状的相关风险可能更高。鉴于气候变化和全球老龄化的双重影响，这些发现对制定长期温度和极端温度暴露的政策和适应策略具有重要意义。
