Introduction  Morphological changes or variations in the lower third molar can be of concern during the endodontic, orthodontic, or prosthetic intervention. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the morphological alterations in the roots and root canal of a mandibular third molar in Bhopal, Central India, on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methodology CBCT scans of 277 mandibular molars, of both genders, between the ages of 18 and 60 years were assessed for the presence of root numbers, the configuration of the canal based on Vertucci's categorization, and a C-shaped canal. Scan results were analyzed for differences in canal configuration between the roots and topographical distribution. A chi-square test was applied to find any significant differences between the teeth at p 0.05. Results Scans analyzed for variations in the third molar had a mean age of 38.64 + 5.71 years. The majority (95.3%) of the molars had two roots, 1.5% had three roots, and 0.4% had five roots. The mesial side of double-rooted teeth predominantly had Type II canal configuration (67.0%), while it was Type I (79.2%) in the distal aspect of the root. C-shaped canals were detected in 21 teeth, and no significant topographical difference was noted in the CBCT images. Conclusion The majority of the current population showed two roots with the same number of canals in the studied tooth. CBCT can be used as a diagnostic aid in identifying the canal numbers and their configuration so as to render appropriate intervention and minimize subsequent failure.