Xu Danyang, Li Chenxu, Li Wenjing, Lin Bi, Lv Ruichan
Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Front Chem. 2023 Feb 9;11:1036715. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1036715. eCollection 2023.
Up-conversion (or anti-Stokes) luminescence refers to the phenomenon whereby materials emit high energy, short-wavelength light upon excitation at longer wavelengths. Lanthanide-doped up-conversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high penetration depth, low damage threshold and light conversion ability. Here, the latest developments in the synthesis and application of Ln-UCNPs are reviewed. First, methods used to synthesize Ln-UCNPs are introduced, and four strategies for enhancing up-conversion luminescence are analyzed, followed by an overview of the applications in phototherapy, bioimaging and biosensing. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of Ln-UCNPs are summarized.
上转换（或反斯托克斯）发光是指材料在较长波长激发下发射出高能量、短波长光的现象。镧系元素掺杂的上转换纳米颗粒（Ln-UCNPs）因其具有诸如高穿透深度、低损伤阈值和光转换能力等优异的物理和化学性质而在生物医学中得到广泛应用。在此，对Ln-UCNPs的合成与应用的最新进展进行综述。首先，介绍用于合成Ln-UCNPs的方法，并分析增强上转换发光的四种策略，随后概述其在光疗、生物成像和生物传感方面的应用。最后，总结Ln-UCNPs面临的挑战和未来前景。
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