Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have received extensive attention due to their various harmful effects. In this study, the adsorptive removal of 10 legacy and emerging PFASs by four anion-exchange resins (including gel and macroreticular resins) were systematically investigated. Our results showed that the capacities of resins absorbing PFASs were ranked in the following order: gel strong base HPR4700 (297300 μg/g) ≈ macroreticular strong base S6368 (294300 μg/g) ≈ macroreticular weak base A111S (289300 μg/g) > gel weak base WA10 (233297 μg/g). Adsorption kinetic results indicated that the adsorption process might involve chemical and Henry regime adsorption or reaction control. Intraparticle diffusion was probably the major removal step. Co-existing fulvic acid (0.5, 1, 5 mg/L) and inorganic anions (5 mg/L of sulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate) would hinder the PFAS removal by resins with WA10 showing the highest inhibition rate of 17% and 71%, respectively. The adsorption capacities of PFBA decreased from 233 μg/g to 194 μg/g, and from 233 μg/g to 67 μg/g in the presence of fulvic acid and inorganic anions, respectively. PFASs were more easily removed by HPR4700, S6368, and A111S under neutral and alkaline environment. Moreover, WA10 was not able to remove PFASs under an alkaline medium. This study offered theoretical support for removing PFASs from aqueous phases with various resins.