Litkouhi Princess Neila, Numbers Katya, Valenzuela Michael, Crawford John D, Lam Ben C P, Litkouhi Princess Noosha, Sachdev Perminder S, Kochan Nicole A, Brodaty Henry
Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2024 May;31(3):387-403. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2181941. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Cognitive, social, and physical activities, collectively linked to cognitive reserve, are associated with better late-life cognitive outcomes. To better understand the building of cognitive reserve, we investigated which of these activities, during which stages of life, had the strongest associations with late-life cognitive performance. From the Sydney Memory and Aging Study, 546 older Australians, who were community-dwelling and without a dementia diagnosis at recruitment (M 80.13 years, 52.2% female), were asked about their engagement in social, physical, and cognitive activities throughout young adulthood (YA), midlife (ML), and late-life (LL). Comprehensive neuropsychological testing administered biennially over 6 years measured baseline global cognition and cognitive decline. In our study, YA, but not ML nor LL, cognitive activity was significantly associated with late-life global cognition ( 0.315, < .001). A follow-up analysis pointed to the formal education component of the YA cognitive activity measure, rather than YA cognitive leisure activities, as a significant predictor of better late-life global cognition ( 0.146, = .003). YA social activity and LL cognitive activity were significantly associated with less cognitive decline ( 0.023, < .001, and 0.016, = .022, respectively). Physical activity was not found to be associated with global cognition or cognitive decline. Overall, YA cognitive activity was associated with better late-life cognition, and YA social and LL cognitive activities were associated with less cognitive decline. Formal education emerges as the key contributor in the association between YA cognitive activity and late-life global cognition.
认知、社交和体育活动与认知储备相关联，共同与更好的晚年认知结果相关。为了更好地理解认知储备的构建，我们调查了这些活动中的哪些活动在生命的哪些阶段与晚年认知表现有最强的关联。从悉尼记忆与衰老研究中，选取了546名澳大利亚老年人，他们居住在社区，招募时未被诊断患有痴呆症（平均年龄80.13岁，52.2%为女性），询问了他们在整个青年期（YA）、中年期（ML）和老年期（LL）参与社交、体育和认知活动的情况。在6年中每两年进行一次的综合神经心理学测试测量了基线整体认知和认知衰退情况。在我们的研究中，青年期的认知活动，而非中年期或老年期的认知活动，与晚年整体认知显著相关（β = 0.315，p <.001）。一项后续分析指出，青年期认知活动测量中的正规教育部分，而非青年期认知休闲活动，是晚年更好的整体认知的显著预测因素（β = 0.146，p =.003）。青年期社交活动和老年期认知活动与较少的认知衰退显著相关（分别为β = 0.023，p <.001，和β = 0.016，p =.022）。未发现体育活动与整体认知或认知衰退相关。总体而言，青年期认知活动与更好的晚年认知相关，青年期社交和老年期认知活动与较少的认知衰退相关。正规教育是青年期认知活动与晚年整体认知之间关联的关键因素。
