Srisowanna Naparee, Thanaboonnipat Chutimon, Pisamai Sirinun, Komin Kiatpichet, Choisunirachon Nan
Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Vet World. 2023 Jan;16(1):104-110. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.104-110. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
Ultrasound (US) is a useful tool for detecting adrenal abnormalities. However, a definite reference range differentiating normal and diseased adrenal glands in dogs of varying body sizes is still lacking. The organ dimension-to-aorta (Ao) ratio of the dogs is correlated with their body weight (BW). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the adrenal dimensions, including adrenal pole thickness and adrenal length, as well as the adrenal dimension-to-Ao ratio, to differentiate between dogs with normal, benign lesions such as pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and malignant invasive adrenal tumors.
The medical records and US images of 39 dogs that were either normal (normal) (n = 15) or affected by PDH (n = 15) or malignant invasive adrenal tumors (tumor) (n = 9) were retrieved in this study. All the dogs had a transabdominal US on the sagittal plane. The adrenal dimensions and luminal Ao diameter at the peak of the systolic phase were recorded. The average adrenal dimensions, including the adrenal dimension-to-Ao ratio, were compared among the groups.
Most of the dogs in each group were small-breed dogs with comparable ages, BW, and Ao values. Both adrenal dimensions and the adrenal dimension-to-Ao ratio were significantly lower in the normal group than in the PDH and tumor groups. To differentiate the PDH group from the tumor group, adrenal dimensions of pole thickness and length were more appropriate than the adrenal dimension-to-Ao ratio.
Adrenal dimensions and the adrenal dimension-to-Ao ratio can be used to diagnose adrenal diseases. However, in small-breed dogs, adrenal dimensions are suitable for differentiating PDH from tumor groups. Further research is required with a larger sample size and a wider range of canine body sizes.
超声（US）是检测肾上腺异常的有用工具。然而，目前仍缺乏一个明确的参考范围来区分不同体型犬的正常肾上腺和患病肾上腺。犬的肾上腺尺寸与主动脉（Ao）的比值与其体重（BW）相关。因此，本研究旨在调查肾上腺尺寸，包括肾上腺极厚度和肾上腺长度，以及肾上腺尺寸与主动脉比值，以区分正常犬、患有垂体依赖性肾上腺皮质功能亢进（PDH）等良性病变的犬和恶性侵袭性肾上腺肿瘤的犬。
本研究检索了39只犬的病历和超声图像，其中正常犬（n = 15）、患有PDH的犬（n = 15）或患有恶性侵袭性肾上腺肿瘤的犬（肿瘤组，n = 9）。所有犬均在矢状面上进行经腹超声检查。记录收缩期峰值时的肾上腺尺寸和管腔内主动脉直径。比较各组的平均肾上腺尺寸，包括肾上腺尺寸与主动脉比值。
每组中的大多数犬为年龄、体重和主动脉值相近的小型犬。正常组的肾上腺尺寸和肾上腺尺寸与主动脉比值均显著低于PDH组和肿瘤组。为区分PDH组和肿瘤组，肾上腺极厚度和长度尺寸比肾上腺尺寸与主动脉比值更合适。
肾上腺尺寸和肾上腺尺寸与主动脉比值可用于诊断肾上腺疾病。然而，在小型犬中，肾上腺尺寸适合区分PDH组和肿瘤组。需要进一步开展更大样本量、更广泛犬体型范围的研究。
