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在有耳海豹群落中,摄食形态和体型大小决定了资源的分配。

Feeding morphology and body size shape resource partitioning in an eared seal community.

机构信息

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.

Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.

出版信息

Biol Lett. 2023 Mar;19(3):20220534. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0534. Epub 2023 Mar 8.

Abstract

Body size and feeding morphology influence how animals partition themselves within communities. We tested the relationships among sex, body size, skull morphology and foraging in sympatric otariids (eared seals) from the eastern North Pacific Ocean, the most diverse otariid community in the world. We recorded skull measurements and stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope values (proxies for foraging) from museum specimens in four sympatric species: California sea lions (), Steller sea lions (), northern fur seals () and Guadalupe fur seals (). Species and sexes had statistical differences in size, skull morphology and foraging significantly affecting the C values. Sea lions had higher C values than fur seals, and males of all species had higher values than females. The N values were correlated with species and feeding morphology; individuals with stronger bite forces had higher N values. We also found a significant community-wide correlation between skull length (indicator of body length), and foraging, with larger individuals having nearshore habitat preferences, and consuming higher trophic level prey than smaller individuals. Still, there was no consistent association between these traits at the intraspecific level, indicating that other factors might account for foraging variability.

摘要

体型和摄食形态影响动物在群落中的分布。我们测试了来自北太平洋东部(世界上最多样化的海豹群落)的共生有耳海豹(earned seals)的性别、体型、头骨形态和觅食之间的关系。我们从博物馆标本中记录了头骨测量值以及稳定的碳(C)和氮(N)同位素值(觅食的替代指标),涉及四个共生物种:加州海狮(Zalophus californianus)、太平洋海狮(Eumetopias jubatus)、北方海狗(Callorhinus ursinus)和灰海豹(Arctocephalus townsendi)。在体型、头骨形态和觅食方面,物种和性别存在统计学差异,这些差异显著影响 C 值。海狮的 C 值高于海狗,所有物种的雄性 C 值都高于雌性。N 值与物种和摄食形态相关;咬合力较强的个体具有更高的 N 值。我们还发现头骨长度(体长指标)与觅食之间存在显著的群落相关性,体型较大的个体具有近岸生境偏好,并消耗比体型较小的个体更高营养级别的猎物。尽管如此,在种内水平上,这些特征之间没有一致的关联,这表明其他因素可能会影响觅食的可变性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b11b/9993223/a988751508ec/rsbl20220534f01.jpg

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