Department of Health, Education and Technology, Lulea University of Technology.
Department of Psychology, Umea University.
Neuropsychology. 2023 Jul;37(5):519-530. doi: 10.1037/neu0000890. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Treatments for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are understudied, compared to children and adolescents with the same condition. In this systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the outcomes of computerized cognitive training (CCT) interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adults with ADHD.
Cognitive outcomes and ADHD symptom severity were analyzed separately. In addition, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities was used to categorize outcome variables into subdomains, which were analyzed separately in a subsequent analysis.
The results revealed a small positive change in overall cognitive functioning, a measure of all cognitive outcomes in each study, for individuals who took part in CCT compared to controls ( = 9, Hedge's = 0.235, 95% CI [0.002, 0.467], = 0.048, τ² = 0.000, ² = 0.000). However, neither symptom severity nor specific cognitive outcomes (executive functioning, cognitive speed, or working memory) showed a significant improvement.
We analyzed the risk of bias in the chosen studies and discuss the findings in terms of effect size. It is concluded that CCT has a small positive effect in adults with ADHD. Due to the lack of heterogeneity in intervention designs across the included studies, increased heterogeneity in future studies could help inform clinicians about the aspects of CCT, such as training type and length, that are most beneficial for this group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
与患有同一种疾病的儿童和青少年相比，针对成年人注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的治疗方法研究较少。在这项系统评价和随机效应荟萃分析中，我们旨在评估包括成年 ADHD 患者在内的计算机化认知训练（CCT）干预措施的随机对照试验（RCT）的结果。
分别分析认知结果和 ADHD 症状严重程度。此外，还使用 Cattell-Horn-Carroll（CHC）认知能力理论将结果变量分类为子领域，并在后一项分析中分别进行分析。
与对照组相比，接受 CCT 的个体的整体认知功能（衡量每项研究中所有认知结果的指标）出现了较小的积极变化（ = 9，Hedge's = 0.235，95%CI [0.002，0.467]， = 0.048，τ² = 0.000， ² = 0.000）。然而，症状严重程度或特定的认知结果（执行功能、认知速度或工作记忆）均未显示出显著改善。
我们分析了所选研究中的偏倚风险，并根据效应大小讨论了研究结果。结论是，CCT 对 ADHD 成年患者有较小的积极影响。由于纳入研究中干预设计的异质性较低，未来研究中的异质性增加可能有助于告知临床医生 CCT 的哪些方面，例如训练类型和时长，对该人群最有益。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
