Tarakanov Rashit, Shagdarova Balzhima, Lyalina Tatiana, Zhuikova Yuliya, Il'ina Alla, Dzhalilov Fevzi, Varlamov Valery
Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia.
Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Feb 22;15(5):1100. doi: 10.3390/polym15051100.
Soybeans are a valuable food product, containing 40% protein and a large percentage of unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 17 to 23%. pv. (Psg) and pv. (Cff) are harmful bacterial pathogens of soybean. The bacterial resistance of soybean pathogens to existing pesticides and environmental concerns requires new approaches to control bacterial diseases. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible and low-toxicity biopolymer with antimicrobial activity that is promising for use in agriculture. In this work, a chitosan hydrolysate and its nanoparticles with copper were obtained and characterized. The antimicrobial activity of the samples against Psg and Cff was studied using the agar diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The samples of chitosan and copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CuChiNPs) significantly inhibited bacterial growth and were not phytotoxic at the concentrations of the MIC and MBC values. The protective properties of chitosan hydrolysate and copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against soybean bacterial diseases were tested on plants in an artificial infection. It was demonstrated that the CuChiNPs were the most effective against Psg and Cff. Treatment of pre-infected leaves and seeds demonstrated that the biological efficiencies of (CuChiNPs) were 71% and 51% for Psg and Cff, respectively. Copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles are promising as an alternative treatment for bacterial blight and bacterial tan spot and wilt in soybean.
大豆是一种有价值的食品，含有40%的蛋白质和17%至23%的大量不饱和脂肪酸。大豆疫霉（Psg）和菜豆晕疫病菌（Cff）是大豆的有害细菌病原体。大豆病原体对现有农药的细菌抗性以及环境问题需要新的方法来控制细菌性疾病。壳聚糖是一种具有抗菌活性的可生物降解、生物相容且低毒的生物聚合物，有望用于农业。在这项工作中，获得并表征了壳聚糖水解产物及其与铜的纳米颗粒。使用琼脂扩散法研究了样品对Psg和Cff的抗菌活性，并测定了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。壳聚糖和载铜壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CuChiNPs）样品在MIC和MBC值浓度下显著抑制细菌生长且无植物毒性。在人工感染的植物上测试了壳聚糖水解产物和载铜壳聚糖纳米颗粒对大豆细菌性疾病的保护特性。结果表明，CuChiNPs对Psg和Cff最有效。对预先感染的叶片和种子进行处理表明，CuChiNPs对Psg和Cff的生物效率分别为71%和51%。载铜壳聚糖纳米颗粒有望作为大豆细菌性疫病、细菌性褐斑病和枯萎病的替代治疗方法。
