Department of Orthopedic Prosthesis and Orthotics, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Department of Physiotherapy, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Somatosens Mot Res. 2023 Sep;40(3):103-109. doi: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2186392. Epub 2023 Mar 13.
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY: Few studies have demonstrated the effects of smartphone use on grip strength and upper extremity function. The present study was purposed to compare smartphone users' grip/lateral pinch strength, pain threshold/tolerance and upper limb function.
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 241 individuals. Participants were divided into three groups with the cut-off values of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) was used to determine the dominant side. Thumb pain threshold and tolerance were evaluated with the algometer. A hand dynamometer measured the grip and lateral pinch strength. Upper extremity functions were evaluated with the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Quick-DASH).
Handgrip strength of the dominant/non-dominant extremities and Quick-DASH scores were higher in low-level smartphone users ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups on lateral pinch strength and pain threshold/tolerance ( > 0.05). Smartphone usage significantly affected dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength (Standardized = -0.15, = -0.15, < 0.05). In addition, the smartphone use level negatively affected dominant lateral pinch strength (Standardized = -0.12, = 0.05). On the other hand, smartphone use positively affected upper extremity function (Standardized = 0.17, < 0.05).
As smartphone addiction increases, standard handgrip strength and functionality decrease. Pain threshold/tolerance is not affected by smartphone use. Future studies should focus on fine motor skills to present a more comprehensive upper limb function evaluation.
目的/研究目的：很少有研究表明智能手机使用对握力和上肢功能的影响。本研究旨在比较智能手机使用者的握力/侧捏力、疼痛阈值/耐受力和上肢功能。
这是一项前瞻性的横断面研究，共纳入 241 名参与者。根据智能手机成瘾量表（SAS）的截断值，将参与者分为三组。使用爱丁堡手偏侧性量表（EHI）确定优势侧。使用压力计评估拇指疼痛阈值和耐受力。使用手持测力计测量握力和侧捏力。使用简化的上肢功能障碍问卷（Quick-DASH）评估上肢功能。
低水平智能手机使用者的优势/非优势侧手握力和 Quick-DASH 评分较高（ < 0.05）。各组之间的侧捏力和疼痛阈值/耐受力无显著差异（ > 0.05）。智能手机使用显著影响优势和非优势手握力（标准化 = -0.15， = -0.15， < 0.05）。此外，智能手机使用水平负向影响优势侧侧捏力（标准化 = -0.12， = 0.05）。另一方面，智能手机使用正向影响上肢功能（标准化 = 0.17， < 0.05）。
随着智能手机成瘾程度的增加，标准握力和功能下降。疼痛阈值/耐受力不受智能手机使用的影响。未来的研究应关注精细运动技能，以提供更全面的上肢功能评估。
