Long Term Characteristics of Clinical Distribution and Resistance Trends of Carbapenem-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Infections: 2014-2022.

PURPOSE

Through long-term and large sample size statistical analysis, we revealed the pattern of (KP) infection and drug resistance and provided epidemiological data for the treatment and prevention and control of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in our hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Strains were identified using the BD Phoenix100 system, minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics were determined by the broth method, and data were statistically analyzed using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS27.0.

RESULTS

The isolation rate of KP from Enterobacteriaceae (26.2%, 4547/17358) in our hospital showed an increasing annual trend, ranking second only to . Carbapenem-resistant KP (CRKP) accounted for the highest proportion of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (72.2%, 431/597), showing an upward trend. Infected patients had a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1 and were mainly >60 years of age (66.2%), with intensive care units being the most commonly distributed department. Sputum was the most common specimen type (74.0%). Compared with spring and summer, autumn and winter were the main epidemic seasons for KP and extended-spectrum β-lactamase KP (ESBL-KP). The resistance rate of KP to common antibiotics was low, but all showed an increasing trend each year. ESBL-KP was >90% resistant to piperacillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and cefotaxime and less resistant to other common antibiotics, but showed an increasing trend in resistance to most antibiotics. CRKP resistance to common antibiotics was high, with resistance rates >90%, excluding amikacin (64.1%), gentamicin (87.4%), cotrimoxazole (44.3%), chloramphenicol (13.6%), and tetracycline (30.5%).

CONCLUSION

KP in our hospital mainly caused pulmonary infection in older men, which occurred frequently in autumn and winter, and the isolation and drug resistance rates showed an increasing trend. Age over 70 years, admission to intensive care unit, and urinary tract infection were found to be the risk factors for CRKP and ESBL-KP-resistance.